Title page
Contents
Executive Summary 4
1. Introduction 5
2. Income Measures (GDP and GDP per Person) 6
3. Investment 14
4. Labour Markets 21
5. Concluding Remarks 38
References 39
About the Author 41
Publishing Information 42
About the Fraser Institute 43
Editorial Advisory Board 44
Figure 1. Gross GDP (billions $US 2015, constant PPP) in OECD countries, 2007 7
Figure 2. Gross GDP (billions $US 2015, constant PPP) in OECD countries, 2019 8
Figure 3. Change in gross GDP ($US 2015, constant PPP), in OECD countries, 2007-2019 9
Figure 4/Figure 7. Real per-person GDP in Canada and the United States as a percentage of OECD-total's, 2007-2019 10
Figure 5/Figure 4. Gross GDP per person ($US 2015, constant PPP) in OECD countries, 2007 11
Figure 6/Figure 5. Gross GDP per person ($US 2015, constant PPP) in OECD countries, 2019 12
Figure 7/Figure 6. Change in GDP per person ($US 2015, constant PPP) in OECD countries, 2007-2019 13
Figure 8. Total gross fixed capital formation in select countries (as % of GDP), 2007-2019 15
Figure 9. Private, non-residential GFCF (as % of GDP), 2007 16
Figure 10. Private, non-residential GFCF (as % of GDP), 2019 17
Figure 11. Change in private, non-residential GFCF (as % of GDP), 2007-2019 17
Figure 12. Private, non-residential GFCF (as % of GDP), 2007-2019 18
Figure 13. Government GFCF (as % of GDP), 2007 19
Figure 14. Government GFCF (as % of GDP), 2019 19
Figure 15. Change in government GFCF (as % of GDP), 2007-2019 20
Figure 16. Total employment rate for working-age population, 2007 22
Figure 17. Total employment rate for working-age population, 2019 23
Figure 18. Percentage change in employment rates, 2007-2019 24
Figure 19. Changes in Canada's population, by age group, 2007-2019 25
Figure 20. Age composition of Canada's working-age population, 2007 and 2019 26
Figure 21. Canada's total employment in private and public sectors, 2007-2019 27
Figure 22. Public employment for working age population, 2007 28
Figure 23. Public employment for working age population, 2019 29
Figure 24. Growth in private- and public-sector employment in Canada, 2007-2019 30
Figure 25. Gap between growth rates of public and private employment, 2007-2019 30
Figure 26. GDP per hour worked ($US 2015, constant PPP), 2007 32
Figure 27. GDP per hour worked ($US 2015, constant PPP), 2019 33
Figure 28. Percentage change in GDP per hour worked, 2007-2019 34
Figure 29. GDP per worker ($US 2015, constant PPP), 2007 35
Figure 30. GDP per worker ($US 2015, constant PPP), 2019 36
Figure 31. Percentage change in GDP per worker, 2007-2019 37