Title page
Contents
Acknowledgements 2
Abstract 4
1. Introduction 5
2. Policy Background and Data 9
2.1. CVRP 9
2.2. Data 11
3. Motivating Example 16
4. Empirical Framework 18
5. Results 19
5.1. Baseline Results 19
5.2. Heterogeneity Effects Along Other Dimensions 23
5.3. Robustness Checks 25
6. Conclusion and Policy Implications 27
References 29
Appendix 31
A. Additional Tables 31
B. Theoretical Framework 37
Table 1. CVRP Maximum Rebate Amounts for Vehicles Purchased/Leased 2012-2019 10
Table 2. Descriptive Statistics for Categorical Impacts of Incentives 13
Table 3. Descriptive Statistics for Categorical Household and Vehicle-Related Characteristics 14
Table 4. Summary Statistics for Number and Density of Charging Stations 15
Table 5. Impacts of Charging Station Density on the Additionality of CVRP 20
Table 6. Heterogeneous Impacts Based on Population Density 23
Table 7. Heterogeneous Impacts Based on Replacement of an Existing Vehicle 24
Table 8. Impacts of Charging Station Count on the Additionality of CVRP 25
Table 9. Impacts of Charging Station Density on the Additionality of Other Incentives 27
Figure 1. Number of CVRP Survey Respondents 11
Figure 2. Density of charging stations in 2019 16
Figure 3. A Graphical Demonstration of Potential Heterogeneous Impacts of Charging Availability on the Additionally of CVRP 17
Table A1. CVRP Maximum Rebate Amounts for Vehicles Purchased/Leased 2020-Present 31
Table A2. Summary Statistics for Number and Density of Charging Stations 32
Table A3. Impact of Charging Station Density within 5 Miles-Full Model 33
Table A4. Robustness Check-Earlier Charging Station Availability 35
Table A5. Robustness Check-Weighted Regressions 36
Figure B1. The Effect of an Increase in Charging Stations on Subsidy Additionality 39