Title page
Contents
INTRODUCTION 4
KEY TAKEAWAYS 5
MAIN FINDINGS 8
CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 26
ANNEX I - 2024 UNODC SURVEY ON REHABILITATIVE PRISON ENVIRONMENTS: ADDITIONAL FINDINGS 35
ANNEX II - REHABILITATION: CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES 43
FIGURE 1. Global prison population, by sex, 2012 and 2022 9
FIGURE 2. Number of persons held in prison, by region and subregion, 2012 and 2022 10
FIGURE 3. Number of persons held in prison per 100,000 population, by region and subregion, 2012 and 2022 11
FIGURE 4. Number of persons held in prison, by sentencing status, 2012-2022 12
FIGURE 5. Number of unsentenced detainees, by region and selected subregion, 2012 and 2022 12
FIGURE 6. Proportion of unsentenced detainees among the prison population, by region and selected subregion, 2012 and 2022 13
FIGURE 7. Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population, by sex and region, 2022 or latest year available 14
FIGURE 8. Distribution of countries by prison capacity, by region, 2022 or latest year available 15
FIGURE 9. Practices and factors to advance rehabilitative prison environments: prison capacity and conditions, by region, 2024 15
FIGURE 10. Number suicides, intentional homicides and any other type of death per 100,000 prisoners, countries with available data by region, 2022 or latest available year 16
FIGURE 11. Homicides in prison per 100,000 prisoners and homicides in the country per 100,000 population, selected countries, 2018-2022 17
FIGURE 12. Distribution of deaths in prison by cause, by region, 2022 or latest available year 18
FIGURE 13. Number of prisoners per member of prison staff, by region, 2022 or latest year available 19
FIGURE 14. Rate of prison personnel per 100,000 population, 2022 or latest year available 19
FIGURE 15. Distribution of prison personnel by function, 2022 or latest year available 20
FIGURE 16. Jurisdictions reporting having a strategy on rehabilitation in prison, by region, 2024 21
FIGURE 17. Highest and lowest reported priorities for establishing an environment conducive to rehabilitation, 2024 22
FIGURE 18. Jurisdictions reporting including the views of those with lived experiences of prison and their families in their strategy on prison rehabilitation, by region, 2024 23
FIGURE 19. Practices and factors to advance rehabilitative prison environments: prison management, by region, 2024 24
FIGURE 20. Jurisdictions reporting having an implementation plan on prison rehabilitation, by region, 2024 37
FIGURE 21. Jurisdictions reporting having an implementation plan on prison rehabilitation that includes continuous monitoring and evaluation, by region, 2024 37
FIGURE 22. Jurisdictions reporting having undertaken research on rehabilitative prison environments, by region, 2024 38
FIGURE 23. Practices and factors to advance rehabilitative prison environments: programmes and services, by region, 2024 40
FIGURE 24. Practices and factors to advance rehabilitative prison environments: staffing, by region,2024 42