Title page
Contents
Executive summary 4
Résumé 6
Introduction 9
Europe is a marginal global aluminum player, but its industry matters 11
Aluminum for the energy transition: producing more but emitting less 14
Energy efficiency, electrification and recycling: first steps but insufficient to reach carbon neutrality 18
The need for disruptive technologies: CCUS and inert anodes 23
CBAM: a relevant tool with flaws 25
Conclusion and recommendations 27
Figure 1. Bauxite, alumina and primary aluminum production in 2023 by country 11
Figure 2. Primary aluminum production in Europe, 2000-2022 12
Figure 3. Main European primary aluminum producers, 2000-2022 12
Figure 4. Europe's alumina and primary aluminum production sites 13
Figure 5. Aluminum average content per vehicle for passenger cars in the EU and the UK, 2006-2030 15
Figure 6. Aluminum content per vehicle gains and losses by 2030 15
Figure 7. GHG emissions from the global aluminum sector in 2022 16
Figure 8. European countries aluminum beverage cans recycling rates in 2021 19
Figure 9. Aluminum waste and scrap exports and imports by country in 2022 20
Figure 10. EU aluminum waste and scrap exports (2000-2023) 20
Figure 11. Main Asian aluminum waste and scrap importers, (2014-2021) 21
Figure 12. Global GHG emissions from aluminum production, 2015-2022 22