Title page
Contents
Abstract 2
1. Introduction 5
2. Rules-based targeting of new teachers to schools 7
Maximizing the efficiency of allocation rules 8
T1: One teacher per grade 8
T2: Allocation to schools with high PTRs 8
Estimating need under the revised rules 9
3. How well did teacher allocation match the modified rules? 12
Total deployment at the national level 12
Allocation of teachers to districts 12
Allocation of teachers to schools 13
Share of need met at the school level 15
4. Impact of teacher allocation on school staffing 16
Teacher headcounts 16
PTR change 17
5. Impact of improved staffing on student outcomes 18
Repetition 20
Dropout 22
Robustness checks 23
6. Conclusion 23
7. References 25
8. Tables 27
Table 1/Table 2.1. Summary of the number of teachers needed in 29 primarily rural districts 10
Table 2/Table 3.1. Total number of teachers needed and allocated, and share of need met (national) 12
Table 3/Table 3.3. Allocation of teachers to schools (national) 14
Table 4/Table 5.1. Impact analysis sample 19
Table 5/Table 5.3. Impact of PqTR reduction on repetition rates 21
Table 6/Table 5.4. Impact of PqTR reduction on repetition rates in lower primary 21
Table 7/Table 5.5. Impact of PqTR reduction on dropout rates 22
Table 8/Table 5.6. Impact of PqTR reduction on dropout rates in lower primary 22
Table 9/Table 3.2. Total number of teachers needed and allocated, and share of need met (by district) 27
Table 10/Table 3.4. Allocation of teachers to schools (by district) 28
Table 11/Table 5.2. Impact of treatment on PqTRs in treated schools 29
Table 12/Table 5.7. Robustness check: Impact of PqTR reduction on repetition rate (PqTR 80) 29
Table 13/Table 5.8. Robustness check: Impact of PqTR reduction on repetition rate (PqTR 100) 30
Figure 2.1. Number and share of teachers needed to fulfil modified rules in 2017, 2018 and 2019: by district 11
Figure 3.1. Schematic timeline of EMIS and IPTE 9, 10-11 and 12 allocations, 2017-19 12
Figure 3.2. % teachers correctly allocated to schools, 2017-19 (13 most allocated districts) 15
Figure 3.3. Distribution of allocation outcome by level of need 16
Figure 4.1. Changes in the number of teachers among schools that needed new teachers 17
Figure 4.2. Annual change in PTR among schools that needed new teachers 18
Boxes
Box 2.1. summarizes the modified rules 9