Title page
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3
INTRODUCTION 5
CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) 8
KEY FINDINGS 10
SECTION I. GANGS AND GANG VIOLENCE 13
SECTION II. DRUG MARKETS AND CARIBBEAN GANGS 27
Guyana 29
Trinidad and Tobago 34
Saint Lucia 44
Jamaica 48
SECTION III. REGIONAL AND NATIONAL RESPONSES 52
Figure 1. Homicide in the Eastern Caribbean (absolute numbers): 2013-2022 15
Figure 2. Proportion of homicides committed with firearms: 2013-2022 16
Figure 3. Snapshot of contexts for homicide for four Caribbean countries (percentage of total and homicide rate) (various years) 18
Figure 4. Types of Crime Identified in selected Caribbean Countries 24
Figure 5. Reported cocaine and cannabis seizures in Guyana: 2019-2021 31
Figure 6. Reported cocaine and cannabis seizures in Trinidad and Tobago (2019-2022) 36
Figure 7. Reported cocaine seizures in Jamaica (2019-2022) 50
Figure 8. Summarizing national responses to organized crime 59
Boxes
Box 1. Music and gang culture in the Caribbean 20
Box 2. Venezuelan gangs in Trinidad and Tobago 38
Box 3. The influence of Islam on gangs in Trinidad and Tobago 40
Box 4. Financial and Technology-Facilitated Crime in the Caribbean 54