Title page
Contents
Summary 4
1. Context: A new impetus? 7
1.1. Frustration with the current multilateral international system 7
1.2. Geopolitical competition 8
1.3. Global challenges 9
1.4. Africa's future 9
1.5. A growing young population 9
2. African Union: Africa to be an influential global player 12
2.1. The AU joins the G20 12
2.2. Calls for UN Security Council reform 14
3. Climate change, debt and reforming the international financial architecture 18
3.1. Calls for change 18
3.2. Effect of climate change on Africa 19
4. Covid-19, mpox and access to vaccines 21
4.1. New initiatives 22
4.2. Mpox vaccines 22
5. International mediation and summit diplomacy 23
5.1. Mediation efforts 23
5.2. Summit diplomacy 23
5.3. BRICS expansion 25
5.4. Legal action 25
6. Further reading 26