Title page
Contents
Abstract 2
1. Introduction 3
2. GVC Estimates from Plant-Level Data 3
3. Aggregation Bias in GVC Measurement 5
4. Decomposing the GVC Aggregation Bias 7
5. Concluding Remarks 12
References 13
Table 1. Example of GVC Aggregation Bias 6
Figure 1. GVC in Manufacturing: Establishment-based vs. Industry-based 7
Figure 2. GVC Bias by Establishment Type in U.S. Manufacturing 8
Figure 3. Sources of GVC Aggregation Bias in U.S. Manufacturing 10
Figure 4. Export and Import Intensity Along the Establishment Size Distribution 11