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Title page 1

Contents 1

GII 2025 at a glance 3

Global leaders in innovation, 2025 4

Global Innovation Index 2025 rankings 5

Innovation performance at different income levels, 2025 6

Key takeaways 6

GII 2025 results 13

Innovation leaders in 2025 14

Innovation overperformers: a consistent group amid global competition 22

Innovation efficiency leaders: maximizing output from available inputs 24

Innovation across the world's regions 29

Conclusion 34

References 36

Tables 19

Table 1. Top 10 economies by income group 19

Table 2. Innovation overperformers in 2025: income group, region and years as an innovation overperformer 22

Table 3. Heatmap: GII 2025 rankings overall and by innovation pillar, 2025 27

Figures 15

Figure 1. The GII dynamo: the top 15 innovators, 2021-2025 15

Figure 2. Economies soaring to new heights in innovation, 2025 16

Figure 3. Economies climbing the ladder in global innovation 18

Figure 4. Economies with the most GII indicators ranked top, 2025 20

Figure 5. Innovation overperformers, relative to economic development 23

Figure 6. Innovation input to output performance, 2025 24

Boxes 21

Box 1. How to use the Global Innovation Index: a strategic guide 21

Box 2. Innovation linkages across income levels: spotlight on university rankings 25

Box 3. ASEAN innovation performance - gains and global convergence 31

Box Tables 25

Box Table 1. Top 10 economies by average performance on university industry engagement and international outlook 25

Box Table 2. Top 3 economies across middle- and low-income groups by average performance on university industry engagement and international outlook 26

Box Figures 32

Box Figure 1. Closing the innovation gap: growth in key GII indicators in ASEAN vs. global innovation leaders, 2015-2024 32