Title page

Contents

Summary 1

I. Introduction 1

II. Food insecurity, climate- and environment-related pressures, and violent conflict: Current knowledge 2

Key findings 2

Key pathways 3

III. Turning vicious circles into virtuous ones: The value of integrated approaches with stronger peace dimensions 10

Implementation challenges 12

IV. Programming implications for aid agencies 14

Incentivizing the integration of food, climate and peacebuilding dimensions 15

Entry points and good practice for sustainable peacebuilding and climate adaptation in fragile contexts 16

Partnerships 18

V. Recommendations and ways forward 19

Policy recommendations 19

Research agenda 20

Annex A. List of interviews with officials from Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH 21

Annex B. Food security interventions with the potential to promote peace 22

I. Examples of integrated, climate-resilient food security interventions with potential peace dividends 22

II. Multi-stakeholder examples 23

Annex C. Glossary 25

Figure 1. Vicious circles: Pathways between food insecurity, climate- and environment-related pressures, and violent conflict 4

Figure 2. Virtuous circles: Pathways between improved food security, a sustainable climate and environment, and enhanced prospects for peace 12

Boxes

Box 1. Definition and implementation of integrated approaches with a peacebuilding dimension 2

Box 2. The relationship between social cohesion and peace 16

Annex Boxes

Box B.1. School meal programmes with sustainable livelihood opportunities 22

Box B.2. Programmes to improve equitable access to natural resources through brokered land usage rights 22

Box B.3. Food/nutritional security and natural resource management in South Sudan 23

Box B.4. United Nations Multi-Partner Trust Fund (MPTF) for Reconciliation, Stabilization and Resilience in South Sudan 24