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정보검색

소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
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title page

Contents

Acronym 9

Chapter 1. Introduction 16

1.1. Background of NVG and NVIS 16

1.2. Motivation and Objective 17

1.3. The Main Study and Organization 18

Chapter 2. Night Vision Devices 21

2.1. Overview of Night Vision Devices 21

2.2. NVG 22

2.2.1. Principles of NVGs 24

2.2.2. NVG generation 25

2.2.3. Type and Class of NVG 28

2.2.4. The versions of NVGs 31

2.2.5. NVG Capabilities 36

2.2.6. HVG Limitations 38

2.2.7. NVG Characteristics 39

2.3. FLIR 42

2.3.1. Type of FLIR 44

2.3.2. FLlR Limitations 44

2.3.3. FLIR Image Characteristics 45

2.4. Sensor Integration 46

2.4.1. HMD 46

Chapter 3. Human Visual System and Human Factors 48

3.1. Introduction 48

3.2. Human Eye 48

3.3. Visual Function 50

3.3.1. Photopic Vision 51

3.3.2. Scotopic Vision 51

3.3.3. Mesopic Vision 52

3.4. Dark Adaptation 53

3.5. Spatial Orientation 53

3.6. Spatial Disorientation 54

3.7. Visual Fatigue 55

Chapter 4. Night Environments and NVG Operations 57

4.1. Introduction 57

4.2. Night Environments 57

4.2.1. Natural Illumination 58

4.2.2. Artificial Illumination 61

4.2.3. Obscurants 61

4.2.4. Transparency Transmissivity 62

4.3. NVG Operation 62

4.3.1. Physiological Considerations 62

4.3.2. Safety Considerations 63

4.4. Misperceptions and Illusion 64

4.4.1. NVG Limitations and Design Considerations 64

4.4.2. Factors influencing NVG Image Quality 65

4.4.3. Common Misperceptions and Illusions 65

4.5. NVG Training Technologies 65

Chapter 5. Night Vision Imaging System 67

5.1. Introduction 67

5.2. NVG-compatible 70

5.3. Aircraft Lighting 71

5.3.1. Internal Lighting 72

5.3.2. External Lighting 73

5.3.3. Brightness Control 75

5.4. Lighting Sources Aspects 75

5.5. Requirements Analysis for NVIS 76

5.5.1. NVIS Radiance 76

5.5.2. Chromaticity 77

5.6. Test and Evaluation 78

5.6.1. NVIS components test and evaluation 78

5.6.2. NVIS ground test and evaluation 80

5.6.3. NVIS flight test and evaluation 84

Chapter 6. Implementation and Results 88

6.1. Introduction 88

6.2. KA-1 Aircraft Layout 89

6.3. NVIS Developmental Efforts and Component Test Results 95

6.4. GT Results 104

6.5. FT Results 105

6.6. Investigation for NVG/NVIS Operation 110

Chapter 7. Conclusion and Future Work 126

References 129

Definition 136

Abstract 139

Journal Paper 147

Conference Paper 148

List of Tables

Table 4.1. Typical values for sources of natural illumination at night 59

Table 5.1. NVIS evaluation parameters 86

Table 5.2. KA-1 lighting sub-subsystem evaluation checklist 87

Table 6.1. Three types of development for KA-1 NVIS 93

Table 6.3. KA-1 FT result 107

Table 6.4. Survey contents of piloting 112

Table 6.5. Survey contents of maintenance 113

Table 6.6. Survey contents of design and manufacture 113

List of Figures

Figure 2.1. NVG components 23

Figure 2.2. Relative response of GEN II and GEN III NVGs with respect to the CIE Photopic curve and Night Sky IR Radiations. 24

Figure 2.3. NVG : How They Work 25

Figure 2.4. GEN I image intensifier. 27

Figure 2.5. Basic configuration of GEN II image intensifier. 27

Figure 2.6. NVG (a) Type I (b) Type II. 29

Figure 2.7. Relative spectral response characteristics of Classes A, B, and C NVIS. 31

Figure 2.8. GEN II AN/PVS-5 binocular. 32

Figure 2.9. AN/PVS-7 helmet mounted "cyclops". 32

Figure 2.10. AN/AVS-6 ANVIS GEN III Type I, Class A NVG. 33

Figure 2.11. Cat's Eyes GEN III NVG. 34

Figure 2.12. AN/AVS-9 NVG. 35

Figure 2.13. PNVG (a) I (b) II. 36

Figure 2.14. Comparison of AN/AVS-9 and PNVG FOV. 40

Figure 2.15. Striker helicopter HMD. 47

Figure 3.1. Cross section of the human eye. 49

Figure 3.2. Rod and cone density as a function of eccentricity along horizontal meridian. 51

Figure 3.3. Physiology. 51

Figure 4.1. The range of luminance in the natural environment and associated visual parameters. 59

Figure 4.2. Elements of the night sky. (Not to scale.) 59

Figure 5.1. The EM spectrum. 67

Figure 5.2. Human visual response. 68

Figure 5.3. Foliage reflectivity. 68

Figure 5.4. Normalized characteristics of NVG-compatible lighting, GEN III NVG response, NVG-friendly lighting, and Covert lighting. 74

Figure 5.5. 1976 UCS Diagram 78

Figure 5.6. Chromaticity specification of the KA-1 NVP. 79

Figure 5.7. Test points for KA-1 NVP 80

Figure 5.8. USAF Tri-Bar Chart. 82

Figure 5.9. Configuration for Assessment of NVG-aided VA. 84

Figure 6.1. (a) Front cockpit and (b) external layouts of KA-1. 88

Figure 6.2. Concept of KA-1 NVG operation. 89

Figure 6.3. Modification method of KA-1 NVIS components (indirect-type). 90

Figure 6.4. Modification types of KA-1 NVIS components 92

Figure 6.5. Exterior lighting system layouts for KA-1. 94

Figure 6.6. Lightings control panel 95

Figure 6.7. Characteristics of the KA-1 NVP Filter. 96

Figure 6.8. Disintegration diagams 99

Figure 6.9. Component test results 99

Figure 6.10. CWS front panel. 102

Figure 6.11. CWS RE102 test results for (a) Vertical 2Mhz - 1000Mhz, (b) Vertical 1000Mhz - 18000Mhz, (c) Horizontal 2Mhz - 1000Mhz, and (d) Horizontal 1000Mhz - 18000Mhz. 102

Figure 6.12. Ground test result for VA 104

Figure 6.13. Intra-EMC test results (test matrix) for KA-1. 105

Figure 6.14. Results of common questionnaires a respondent's (a) division (b) ages (c) mission utility (d) domestic technology level 114

Figure 6.15. Results of aircrew's questionnaires (a) The most effective mission (b) optimum flight period with NVG (c) Sorties for adapting NVG flight (d) Main causes for workload (e) Optimum shape of moon for NVG operation (f)... 116

Figure 6.16. Results of ground-crew's questionnaires (a) component of a failure rate highly (b) The most important T&E item 120

Figure 6.17. Results of designer/manufacturer's questionnaires (a) A factor to need for develop NVIS component to the shortest time (b) Urgent developmental NVIS component item (c) the most weakness to develop NVIS... 121

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