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제1장 서론 10
제1절 연구목적 10
제2절 연구범위 및 방법 13
1. 연구범위 13
2. 연구방법 14
제2장 대도시 행정체제에 관한 이론적 고찰 16
제1절 대도시 자치구 행정체제 개편의 논리 16
1. 대도시 행정체제의 의의 16
2. 대도시 행정체제 개편에 관한 이론적 검토 22
3. 대도시 자치구 행정체제 개편의 필요성 34
제2절 외국 대도시 자치구 행정체제 및 시사점 45
1. 미국의 뉴욕시 - 구 체제 45
2. 프랑스의 파리시 - 구 체제 46
3. 독일의 베를린시 - 구 체제 48
4. 영국의 광역런던시 - 구 체제 52
5. 일본의 동경도 - 구 체제 53
6. 외국제도의 시사점 56
제3절 대도시 자치구 행정체제의 선행연구 및 분석틀 60
1. 선행연구 60
2. 분석틀 62
제3장 대도시 자치구 행정체제의 실태분석 64
제1절 대도시 자치구 행정체제의 현황 분석 64
1. 특별시·광역시·자치구의 개요 64
2. 자치구의 법적지위 분석 67
3. 자치구의 행정조직체계 분석 70
제2절 대도시 자치구 공간구조의 실태 74
1. 계층구조 74
2. 행정구역 74
제3절 대도시 자치구 행정기능의 실태 83
1. 기능배분 83
2. 협력체제 87
3. 지도감독 90
4. 지방재정 94
제4장 대도시 자치구 행정체제의 실증적 조사분석 105
제1절 조사 설계 105
1. 조사 대상 105
2. 조사 기간 및 방법 105
3. 조사 내용 106
4. 분석 방법 106
제2절 분석결과 107
1. 행정체제의 종합적 문제점 107
2. 공간구조의 문제점 110
3. 행정기능적 측면의 문제점 115
4. 행정체제 개편의 사유 117
제5장 대도시 자치구 행정체제의 개편 방안 119
제1절 대도시 자치구 행정체제 개편의 기본방향 119
제2절 대도시 자치구 행정체제 개편모형의 내용분석 121
1. 제1안 : 자치구 기능축소 모형 121
2. 제2안 : 민선의회 중심 준자치구 모형 123
3. 제3안 : 민선단체장 중심 준자치구 모형 124
4. 제4안 : 행정구 전환모형 126
제3절 대도시 자치구 행정체제 개편모형의 평가분석 129
1. 평가기준의 설정 및 적합도 분석 129
2. 개편모형에 대한 평가분석 137
3. 개편 대안의 선택 149
제4절 대도시 자치구 행정체제의 개편 및 추진방안 151
1. 개편 방안 151
2. 추진방안 151
제6장 결론 157
제1절 요약 157
제2절 정책적 함의 160
제3절 연구의 한계 161
참고문헌 162
Abstract 171
별첨 175
별첨1. 대도시행정체제 개편에 관한 설문조사표 175
별첨2. 설문3조사 응답자에 대한 사회인구학적 특성 182
별첨3. 대도시행정체제 개편모형별 중요도에 의한 평가기준간 연계성 분석결과 185
〈그림 2-1〉 서울특별시 자치구별 인구밀도 및 인구접근도 38
〈그림 2-2〉 서울특별시 인구증가율 39
The purpose of this study is to search for alternatives to solve the problems which the current metropolitan administrative system consisting of Seoul metropolitan city with special status and metropolitan city which autonomous districts below has, those problems that include conflicts between upper and lower level of local governments, overpopulation in metropolitan cities, regional gaps between autonomous districts, increase of demand for development of metropolitan areas and a lack of finance derived from investment for city development. To achieve this goal, this study develops a model of reform based on previous studies and case studies of foreign countries and finds the most desirable alternative by evaluating several alternatives in terms of efficiency and equity. This study also would like to suggest the more practical research outcomes by establishing promotion strategies to apply alternatives to real situations.
There are two approaches to examine the reform of the current metropolitan administrative system: the administrative functional and the space structural approaches. This study relies on more the former than the later. The main object of this study is a model of reform which is helpful to change the legal status and administrative functions of autonomous districts.
A model for the current metropolitan administrative system reform is derived from the following four alternatives: the first (a model of functional adjustment of autonomous districts), the second (selected local council-centered semi-autonomous district model which limits chief executive's power to select officials), the third (selected local council-centered semi-autonomous district model which limits local councils organize itself), the fourth alternatives (a model of transformation of administrative districts which abolishes autonomous districts).
The first alternative can make the problems derived from the reform of the administrative system minimize and policy-making easy by maintaining the current metropolitan administrative system. It also can solve the problems of the upper level of local governments by redistributing the duties of autonomous districts. However, this first alternative is easy to cause regional self-interests by failing to settle the matter of interests between chief executives in the upper level and the lower level of local governments by arbitration. When chief executives in the lower level of local governments are not cooperative with mayors in the upper level of local governments, conflicts between them may increase and severe.
The second alternative has a merit to strength the status of the lower level of local councils and is easy to change the current administrative system through chief executives in the lower level of local governments appointed by mayors in the upper level of local governments. As a result, this alternative can ease of conflicts between the upper and the lower level of local governments. However, this alternative has been criticized because it damages local autonomy in terms of transformation of autonomous districts to semi-autonomous districts and results in strengthening power of chief executives in the upper level of local governments.
The third alternative can make alternatives which developed countries have utilized easily selected and is easy to achieve the budgetary balance of autonomous districts. This alternative gives autonomous districts their autonomy to enact provisions within the bylaws. Under this alternative, chief executives are directly selected by local residents. This alternative also alleviates strained tensions between local councils and chief executives in local governments by making local residents participate in the policy-making process of local governments. On the other hands, this third alternative can make troubles when chief executives in the lower level of local governments are not cooperative to the affairs of the upper level of local governments. Thus, it is necessary to prepare proper regulations to solve this problem. This alternative is also expected that local councilors and public opinion leaders in local areas like civil organization leaders may oppose to this alternative because their chance to participate in local elections may be limited.
The fourth alternative makes it possible to execute metropolitan administration by unifying all power to the upper level of local governments which, including personal recruitment and government budget. This alternative also decreases conflicts between the lower level of local governments and save costs related to local elections and management of local councils. However, this alternative has been criticized because it seems like to return to the previous form of the administration system that was implemented before local elections started in 1991. It is expected that political leader groups, including local councilors, chief executives, and opinion leaders, in local areas oppose to this alternative which has a problem that becomes more centralization of administrative power.
This study establishes a couple of criteria to select the best one among the four alternatives mentioned above. Those criteria are based on the principles of the administrative system reform which many scholars suggest. This study classifies those criteria into the two aspects: efficiency and equity. The former includes identity of residents (history and tradition), accessibility of resident participation, accessibility of residents to public utilities, reduction of resident burdensome. The latter includes accessibility of administrative cooperation between different levels of local governments (decision-making power), speed of administrative performance (responsiveness), economy in expenditures for administration, effectiveness (scale of economy), opportunity costs (costs for the resistance to reform and other additional costs).
The findings are as follow: the fourth alternative was highly ranked in efficiency and the first alternative in equity. On the other hands, the third alternative was regarded as the most appropriate alternative as a model for the administrative system reform in autonomous districts by achieving a high score in both equity and efficiency. In fact, this third alternative has been successfully managed in such metropolitan cities as New York. This alternative may provide both equity and efficiency to settle such problems as districts, functions, and different levels which autonomous districts have faced. This alternative may also provide a solution to settle such problems as finance, management, and unity which take place in metropolitan administration.
In addition, this study presents promotion strategies which need to be managed when administrative reform is executed by principles derived from the third alternative. For details, it is necessary to organize the research advisory committee within the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs for the metropolitan administrative system reform. It is also necessary for central government to initiate the process of administrative reform and need to develop various methods to make residents participate in this process.
Finally, it is necessary to mention limits that this study has. Although this study examines four alternatives by focusing on administrative functions and legal status of autonomous districts, it does not include administrative districts. I think that further research needs to include both the merger and abolition of administrative districts and their legal status. This study also relies on expert groups including public officials, politicians, businessmen, and civil organization leaders, to achieve research outcomes. It is necessary for further research to include not only experts' but also public opinions.*표시는 필수 입력사항입니다.
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