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Nomenclature 13

국문요지 15

제1장. 서론 17

제2장. 문헌고찰 20

2.1. 국내 생활 폐기물 발생 및 처리현황 20

2.2. 기존의 생활폐기물 소각기술 25

2.2.1. 화격자식 소각로(Stoker Type) 25

2.2.2. 로타리 킬른식 소각로(Rotary Kiln Type) 26

2.2.3. 유동상식 소각로(Fluidized Bed Type) 27

2.3. 선진국의 열분해 용융기술 개발동향 27

2.3.1. 소각기술의 분류 및 특징 27

2.3.2. Kiln Type 열분해 용융공정 31

2.3.3. Thermoselect 열분해 용융공정 34

2.3.4. PKA 열분해 용융공정 35

2.3.5. SHAFT로 가스화 용융공정 37

2.3.6. 유동상형 가스화 용융공정 38

2.3.7. 요약 41

2.4. 선진국의 열분해 기술 연구동향 42

2.4.1. 실험적 연구동향 42

2.4.2. 동역학적 연구동향 45

2.5. 열분해 용융 공정(Rotary Kiln Process) 50

2.5.1. 전처리설비 51

2.5.2. 열분해로(R/Kiln) 52

2.5.3. 선별장치 53

2.5.4. 연소용융설비 55

제3장. 이론적 고찰 56

3.1. 열전달 이론 56

3.2. 열분해 이론 59

3.3. 수학적인 모델 61

3.3.1. 모델변수 63

3.3.2. Kinetic Data의 산출방법 64

제4장. 열분해 실험 69

4.1. 생활폐기물의 수집 조사 69

4.1.1. 폐기물 시료 채취방법 69

4.1.2. 폐기물 시료의 전처리 70

4.1.3. 폐기물 시료 채취지점 및 일시 71

4.2. C시 생활폐기물의 물리·화학적 특성 분석 73

4.2.1. 물리적 성상 73

4.2.2. C시 생활폐기물 수집 조사 결과 79

4.2.3. 겉보기 밀도 82

4.2.4. 삼성분 84

4.2.5. 공업분석 91

4.2.6. 원소분석 93

4.2.7. 발열량 97

4.3. C시 생활폐기물의 동역학 결정 105

4.3.1. 이론적 배경 105

4.3.2. 실험재료 및 방법 106

4.3.3. 비등온 열분해 반응 특성 107

4.3.4. 열분해 반응시간의 결정 114

4.3.5. 생활폐기물의 열분해 모델의 개발 115

4.3.6. 등온 열분해 반응 특성 127

4.4. C시 생활폐기물의 열분해 특성 분석 132

4.4.1. 실험 방법 및 장치 132

4.4.2. 열분해 부산물 생성 특성 133

4.4.3. C시 매립 폐기물의 열분해 부산물 특성의 예측 결과 158

4.5. 결론 174

4.5.1. 생활폐기물의 동역학 174

4.5.2. 생활폐기물의 열분해 특성 183

4.6. 참고문헌 193

제5장. 총결론 198

ABSTRACT 201

감사의 글 203

List of Tables

Table. 2-1. The Composition of MSW in Korea 21

Table. 2-2. Yearly MSW Treatment Status 22

Table. 2-3. The Status of Incineration Plant in Operation 23

Table. 2-4. The Status of Incineration Plant under Construction 25

Table. 2-5. The Type of Incinerators 28

Table. 2-6. The Type of Ash-Melting System 30

Table. 2-7. The Status of R&D for the New Technologies in Korea 41

Table. 2-8. Comparison between R/K & Stoker Process 51

Table. 2-9. Guarantee Value of Gases Effluent Concentration(R/Kiln) 51

Table. 2-10. Characteristics Value of Pyrolysis Gases 52

Table. 2-11. Pyrolysis of Organic Materials with Temperature 53

Table. 2-12. Recovering ratio of Valuable Materials 54

Table. 2-13. Component of Pyrolysis Carbon 54

Table. 2-14. Grained Diameter of Pyrolysis Carbon 54

Table. 3-1. Kinetic Data on Pyrolysis Reaction 60

Table. 3-2. Model Variable for Kinetic Parameters 63

Table. 4-1. Location & Date of sampling 71

Table. 4-2. The Status of MSW Treatment & Discharge for "C" city (2002year) 74

Table. 4-3. The Status of MSW Treatment & Discharge for "C" city (2003year) 75

Table. 4-4. The Status of MSW Treatment & Discharge for "C" city(2004year) 76

Table. 4-5. The Type of MSW Component ratio from "C" city except Recycling(year by year) 77

Table. 4-6. The Status of MSW Component ratio for "C" city(2005year) 78

Table. 4-7. The Status of MSW Component & Region discharge ratio for "C" city(%) 79

Table. 4-8. A basis of regional MSW comes from "C" city 80

Table. 4-9. The Status of MSW base on base Component & Region discharge ratio "C" city 81

Table. 4-10. The Bulk density results by discharge point in "C" city 82

Table. 4-11. The Bulk density results by discharge and season point in "C" city 83

Table. 4-12. The Typical ternary complex results of Combustibles waste by region in "C" city 87

Table. 4-13. Physical properties of Combustibles waste in existing inquiry analysis 88

Table. 4-14. Results of ternary complex of combustibles in the MSW in "C" city(by region) 90

Table. 4-15. Analysis results of ternary complex of MSW in "C" city (by season®ion) 90

Table. 4-16. Technical analysis results about MSW by Discharge & Characteristic in "C" city 92

Table. 4-17. Elementary analysis about Combustibles waste and Sludge in "C" city 94

Table. 4-18. Carbon content of the Combustibles waste in previous studies 96

Table. 4-19. Elementary analysis result at characteristic of Combustibles waste in "C" city 97

Table. 4-20. Calculation method of waste Component and Calorific value 101

Table. 4-21. Calorific value of waste in "C" city 104

Table. 4-22. Yield of Pyrolysis by-product of waste and sewage sludge in "C" city(%) 135

Table. 4-23. Ingredient ratio (bulk standard) of water soluble material in pyrolysis liquid by-product at characteristic of dried waste 140

Table. 4-24. Analysis result of Pyrolysis liquid by-products 144

Table. 4-25. Measurement calorific value of Pyrolysis liquid by-products 145

Table. 4-26. Heating value of Pyrolysis liquid by-products (water-soluble+fat-soluble) 145

Table. 4-27. pH results of waste components of Pyrolysis liquid by-products(water-soluble+fat-soluble) 147

Table. 4-28. Proximate analysis result of Pyrolysis solid by-products of MSW and sewage sludge 148

Table. 4-29. An element analysis result of solid by-products by waste components 151

Table. 4-30. Analysis result of Caloric value for pyrolysis solid by-products of MSW and Sewage sludge 153

Table. 4-31. Leaching test result of pyrolysis solid by-products 154

Table. 4-32. SEM-EDS result of waste pyrolysis solid by-products 155

Table. 4-33. Used Incineration ratio & 3 component for forecast of pyrolysis by-products formation(2002~2004 year, a nation) 159

Table. 4-34. Nation incineration waste discharge amount of food waste compensation amount after food waste direct-landfill(%) 160

Table. 4-35. Production ratio of by-product when incineration Waste is during the dried pyrolysis (2002~2004 year) 161

Table. 4-36. Production ratio of by-product when incineration waste is during the pyrolysis (2002~2004 year) 161

Table. 4-37. Production ratio of by-product when MSW is during the pyrolysis in "C" city(2004 year) 162

Table. 4-38. Production ratio of by-product when incineration waste is during the pyrolysis(2002~2004 year) 163

Table. 4-39. Production ratio of water or fat soluble liquids by-product for incineration waste by pyrolysis (2002~2004 year) 164

Table. 4-40. Production ratio of liquids by-product of waste components for incineration waste by pyrolysis (2002~2004 year) 165

Table. 4-41. An element analysis forecast result of liquids by-products (water-soluble+fat-soluble) of combustible waste by pyrolysis (2002~2004 year) 167

Table. 4-42. Results of heating value forecast of liquids by-products during the pyrolysis of solid by-products (2002~2004year) 168

Table. 4-43. Forecast results of solid by-product & solid components by-product assumed the pyrolysis of combustible waste(2002~2004 year) 170

Table. 4-44. Assume results of proximate analysis solid of solid by-product assumed the pyrolysis of combustible waste(2002~2004 year) 171

Table. 4-45. Forecast results of elementary analysis of solid by-product(dry base) the pyrolysis of combustible waste (2002~2004 year) 172

Table. 4-46. Forecast results of heating value of solid by-products assumed the pyrolysis of combustible waste (2002~2004year) 173

Table. 4-47. Pyrolysis times at reaction temperatures of 450, 500 and 550℃ 183

Table. 4-48. Yields of pyrolysis by-products of combustible solid wastes on dry basis (Reaction temperature: 500℃ at Heating rate 3.3℃/min) 185

Table. 4-49. Ultimate analyses of water-insoluble fractions of pyrolysis liquid by-products 186

Table. 4-50. Heating values of water-insoluble fractions of pyrolysis liquid by-products of combustible solid wastes 187

Table. 4-51. Proximate analyses of pyrolysis solid by-products 188

Table. 4-52. Ultimate analyses of pyrolysis solid by-products 189

Table. 4-53. Heating values of pyrolysis solid by-products 189

Table. 4-54. SEM-EDS results of pyrolysis solid by-products on mass base 191

Table. 4-55. Leaching test results of pyrolysis solid by-products 192

List of Figures

Fig. 2-1. Melting systems of the ash and waste 29

Fig. 2-2. Major Process of Rotary Kiln Type 32

Fig. 2-3. Pyrolysis Drum of Rotary Kiln Type 32

Fig. 2-4. Major Process of Thermoselect System 34

Fig. 2-5. Major Process of PKA System 35

Fig. 2-6. Major Process of SHAFT System 38

Fig. 2-7. Major process of FBC System 40

Fig. 2-8. Broido & Nelson model(1975) 45

Fig. 2-9. Broido & Nelson model(1975) 45

Fig. 2-10. Bradbury model(1979) 46

Fig. 2-11. Varhegyi model(1993) 49

Fig. 2-12. Varhegyi Model(1994) 49

Fig. 2-13. Melting Furnace of Rotary Kiln process 55

Fig. 3-1. Schematic diagram of pyrolysis in compressed solid 59

Fig. 3-2. Heat transfer of Radius system 67

Fig. 4-1. Sampling method of waste matter sample 70

Fig. 4-2. Pre-treatment process of waste matter sample 72

Fig. 4-3. Relations of 3 component & heating value 100

Fig. 4-4. TGA, DTG results of food waste in N2 atmosphere 108

Fig. 4-5. TGA, DTG results of paper waste in N2 atmosphere 109

Fig. 4-6. TGA, DTG results of wood waste in N2 atmosphere 110

Fig. 4-7. TGA, DTG results of vinyl/plastic waste in N2 atmosphere 111

Fig. 4-8. TGA, DTG results of rubber/leather waste in N2 atmosphere 112

Fig. 4-9. TGA, DTG results of the others combustible in N2 atmosphere 113

Fig. 4-10. TGA, DTG results of sewage sludge in N2 atmosphere 114

Fig. 4-11. Results of MSW Pyrolysis isothermal analysis 129

Fig. 4-12. Results of Sewage sludge Pyrolysis isothermal analysis 132

Fig. 4-13. Steam distillation/extraction 139

Fig. 4-14. Pyrolysis liquid by-products of MSW 143

Fig. 4-15. Pyrolysis liquid by-products of sewage sludge 143

Fig. 4-16. SEM results of Pyrolysis solid by-products 156

Fig. 4-17. TGA, DTG and DSC results of food wastes at 20℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere 174

Fig. 4-18. TGA, DTG and DSC results of paper at 20℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere 175

Fig. 4-19. TGA, DTG and DSC results of woods at 20℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere 176

Fig. 4-20. TGA, DTG and DSC results of rubber at 20℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere 178

Fig. 4-21. TGA, DTG and DSC results of plastics at 20℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere 178

Fig. 4-22. TGA, DTG and DSC results of others combustible at 20℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere 178

Fig. 4-23. TGA curves of combustible wastes at a heating rate of 20℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere 179

Fig. 4-24. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) curves of combustible wastes at isothermal operation temperatures of 450℃, 550℃ and 650℃ 182

Fig. 4-25. Photograph of pyrolysis solid by-products 190

참고문헌 (49건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )

참고문헌 목록에 대한 테이블로 번호, 참고문헌, 국회도서관 소장유무로 구성되어 있습니다.
번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 대우건설, 폐기물 열분해용융기술의 개발동향과 상용화 현황, 1차 국가지정연구실 폐기물 열분해기술 워크샵, 한국에너지기술연구원, 2002 미소장
2 Experimental studies on municipal solid waste pyrolysis in a laboratory-scale rotary kiln 네이버 미소장
3 Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of municipal solid wastes 네이버 미소장
4 Kinetic study of the flash pyrolysis of municipal solid waste in a fluidized bed reactor at high temperature 네이버 미소장
5 Kinetic models for the thermal degradation of heterogeneous materials 네이버 미소장
6 Thermogravimetric kinetic study of the pyrolysis of municipal solid waste 네이버 미소장
7 국내도시쓰레기의 압축 열분해 특성에 관한 연구, 대한환경공학회 2002 춘계학술연구발표회, pp. 209-210 (2002) 미소장
8 Conversion Characteristics of MSW at Various Pyrolytic and Oxidative Conditions 네이버 미소장
9 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate(EVA) 열분해 동역학 모델에 대한 연구 소장
10 폐어망류의 주성분인 PE, PP, NY의 열분해 기작에 대한 연구 소장
11 춘천시 폐기물종합처리시설의 합리적 계획 및 운영 방안에 대한 연구, 강원지역환경기술개발센터, 2002 미소장
12 춘천시 생활폐기물의 물리·화학적 특성에 대한 연구 소장
13 환경부, 전국폐기물 발생 및 처리현황, 2001 미소장
14 폐어망류의 열분해 특성에 대한 연구 소장
15 An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass 네이버 미소장
16 국내 생활폐기물의 압축 및 열분해 특성에 관한 연구 소장
17 경화된 페놀이 주성분인 동박적층판(copper clad laminate scrap) 폐기물의 열분해 특성에 대한 연구 소장
18 〝PCB 폐기물 파우더 충전 열경화성수지 복합재료에 관한 연구,〞한국화학공업학회지, 2(1), 76∼79(1998) 미소장
19 Experimental studies on low-temperature pyrolysis of municipal household garbage—temperature influence on pyrolysis product distribution 네이버 미소장
20 Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of municipal solid wastes 네이버 미소장
21 〝목제로부터 분리된 바이오매스 주요성분의 열분해 특성,〞한국공업화학회지, 15(8), 896∼900(2004). 미소장
22 Olive bagasse ( Olea europea L.) pyrolysis 네이버 미소장
23 Fast pyrolysis of soybean cake: Product yields and compositions 네이버 미소장
24 Pyrolysis process for the treatment of scrap tyres: preliminary experimental results 네이버 미소장
25 Thermal characteristics of addition-cure phenolic resins 네이버 미소장
26 Recycling by pyrolysis of thermoset composites: characteristics of the liquid and gaseous fuels obtained 네이버 미소장
27 Separation and recovery of materials from scrap printed circuit boards 네이버 미소장
28 〝 Physical Characterization of Biomass based Pyrolysis Liquids-Application of Standard,〞Fuel Oil Analyses, 306, VTT Publications, Vuoriniehentie(1997). 미소장
29 Kinetics of Pyrolysis Degradation of Cured Phenol Resin (SC-1008) (I) 네이버 미소장
30 Mechanisms of the pyrolysis of phenolic resin in a carbon/phenolic composite 네이버 미소장
31 RPF (refused plastics fuel)를 이용한 활성탄의 제조 및 특성 소장
32 〝도시 생활쓰레기의 배출특성에 따른 효율적 관리방안 연구,〞 한국정책학회지, 5(2), 258∼267(1997). 미소장
33 환경부, 〝전국 폐기물 발생 및 처리현황,〞(2001). 미소장
34 Pyrolysis Reaction Characteristics of Spent Fishing Ropes and Nets 소장
35 〝제올라이트 촉매를 이용한 고분자물질의 액체연료로 전환반응,〞열분해학회지, 6, (2002). 미소장
36 MCM-41 catalytic pyrolysis of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers: kinetic model 네이버 미소장
37 Evaluation of kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition of polyethylene-vinyl acetate graft copolymers 네이버 미소장
38 Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of polystyrene and polyethylene-vinyl acetate graft copolymers by thermogravimetric analysis 네이버 미소장
39 Characterization of thermal reaction by peak temperature and height of DTG curves 네이버 미소장
40 〝General Treatment of the thermogravimetry of polymers,〞J. Research of the National Bureau of Standard-A. Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 70A, No. 6, 487∼523(1996) 미소장
41 Pyrolysis of Waste PVC Pipe 네이버 미소장
42 〝Polymer Degradation and Stability,〞55, 165(1997). 미소장
43 Dehydrochlorination Kinetic Models of PVC during the course of Pyrolysis 소장
44 〝Effect of the DMP concentration on the thermal decomposition behaviour of plastisols from a commercial PVC resin,〞Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 57, 101∼107(1997). 미소장
45 Vacuum pyrolysis of PVC I. Kinetic study 네이버 미소장
46 Pyrolysis Reaction Mechanisms of PE, PP, NY of Major Components of Spent Fishing Ropes and Nets 소장
47 〝EVA 열분해 동력한 모델에 대한 연구,〞한국폐기물학회지, Vol. 19(6), 671〜681(2002). 미소장
48 〝폴리에텔렌 열분해의 속도론적 연구,〞J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 4, 548∼556(1999). 미소장
49 TGA를 이용한 SBR 열분해의 속도론적 해석 소장

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