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I. 서론 6

1. 연구배경 및 연구목적 6

2. 연구문제 11

II. 이론적 배경 및 선행연구검토 12

1. 빈곤의 개념 12

2. 빈곤의 여성화 13

3. 인적자본과 여성빈곤 16

4. 가족구조와 여성빈곤 17

1) 가부장적 남성부양 가족구조 17

2) 가족내 무급보호노동 18

5. 노동시장과 여성빈곤 18

1) 노동시장의 성분절화 19

2) 노동시장에서의 차별 21

6. 빈곤이행에 관한 선행연구 23

III. 연구자료 및 연구방법 31

1. 분석자료 31

2. 변수구성 및 측정방법 33

1) 변수의 조작적 정의와 측정 33

2) 분석방법과 표본특성 41

IV. 빈곤화 분석 45

1. 가구주 성별에 따른 빈곤율 분석 45

2. 가구주 성별에 따른 빈곤화 상관분석 46

1) 개인특성 46

2) 가구특성 47

3) 노동시장특성 48

V. 빈곤이행 분석 50

1. 가구주 성별에 따른 빈곤이행 분석 50

2. 가구주 성별에 따른 빈곤이행 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석 51

VII. 결론 60

참고 문헌 65

Abstract 71

표목차

〈표 1〉 지니계수 및 상대적빈곤율 7

〈표 2〉 여성가구주 비율 7

〈표 3〉 혼인상태별 여성가구주 비율 8

〈표 4〉 가구주 성별에 따른 빈곤이행 연구모형 11

〈표 5〉 성별 취업자의 고용형태별 구성비 20

〈표 6〉 성별 취업자의 직업별 구성비 21

〈표 7〉 빈곤-비빈곤 결정요인에 관한 선행연구 28

〈표 8〉 빈곤이행에 관한 선행연구 29

〈표 9〉 빈곤이행에 관한 선행연구 30

〈표 10〉 변수의 조작적 정의 40

〈표 11〉 가구주 성별 빈곤이행 분포 42

〈표 12〉 표본특성 44

〈표 13〉 가구주 성별 빈곤율 교차분석 45

〈표 14〉 빈곤과 개인특성간의 상관관계 47

〈표 15〉 빈곤과 가구특성간의 상관관계 48

〈표 16〉 빈곤과 노동시장특성간의 상관관계 49

〈표 17〉 가구주 성별 빈곤이행 교차분석 51

〈표 18〉 가구주 성별 빈곤진입 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석 58

〈표 19〉 가구주 성별 빈곤진입 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석 59

주석표목차

〈표 6〉 소득종류별 세부항목 35

초록보기

 This study aims to analyze the differences between female-headed households and male-headed households in terms of the effects on transmission of poverty (poverty entry and poverty exit). For the purpose, by using Korea Labor Panel's data of 6th - 10th years, 3986 households with known incomes were analyzed. Households in poverty were set as households with incomes below 60% of the median.

Since the transmission of poverty as a dynamic change is caused by some prior changes, the analysis on that should be based on its change variables. Nevertheless, most previous studies have just focused on static causes.

To measure the dynamic variables, this study divided the main causes that affect poverty entry and poverty exit into three : personal characteristics, household characteristics, and labor market characteristics. Then, using Binary Logistic Regression, in terms of the change variables, the differences between female-headed households and male-headed households were practically analyzed.

The result showed that the average poverty entry rate of female-headed households is two times more than that of male-headed households while the average poverty exit rate of female-headed households is half that of male-headed households.

The result also showed that human resources such as academic background or job training lessen poverty entry of male-headed households and help them escape from it. In contrast, those variables had no significant effects on poverty entry of female-headed households. The household characteristics such as underage household members, rather, apparently affected the household's transmission of poverty. A significant result was that, unlike the previous expectation that breakup of marriage would lead to poverty of female-headed households, households with spouses affected their poverty entry in female-headed household and male-headed household both. It was originally expected that household with underage children would increase the risk of poverty because those children require protecting labor and obstruct participation in the labor market. It was actually confirmed that the decrease of the number of children - not more than high school - serves a cause of poverty exit.

When it comes to the labor market characteristics, changes in the employment status of male-headed households affected their poverty. In contrast, changes in the employment status of female-headed households did not affect their poverty. The employment of other household members significantly affected the female-headed households' poverty. In consideration that the increase in the number of employed household members helps poverty exit rather than the quality of employment, participating in the labor market appears to lessen the poverty entry and help the poverty exit. Some female-headed households with senior members aged over 65 and poor academic backgrounds are in difficulties when they try to participate in the labor market. Therefore, the social security for elderly households is strongly necessary to alleviate their poverty.

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