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Nomenclatures 5

Abstract 12

제1장 서론 14

1.1. 연구 배경 14

1.2. 선박용 연료전지 동향 15

1.3. 연구 내용 및 구성 17

제2장 연료전지 시스템 18

2.1. 연료전지 개념과 종류 18

2.2. 연료전지의 구성 21

2.3. 연료전지 부하 응답 특성 25

2.4. 연료전지 기반의 전력시스템 25

제3장 선박용 연료전지 전력시스템 29

3.1. 선박용 연료전지 시스템 29

3.1.1. 적용 대상 선박 선정 29

3.1.2. 연료전지 시스템 선정 30

3.2. 연료전지 전력시스템 설계 34

3.2.1. 연료전지 전력시스템 구성 34

3.2.2. 연료전지 모델링 및 시뮬레이션 39

3.2.3. DC/DC 컨버터 모델링 및 시뮬레이션 45

3.2.4. 배터리 모델링 및 시뮬레이션 49

3.2.5. 전력시스템 시뮬레이션 52

3.2.6. 부하 변화 시뮬레이션 60

제4장 연료전지 시스템 운영 및 제어 알고리즘 62

4.1. 운영 모드 62

4.2. 운영 모드별 제어 알고리즘 64

제5장 실험 69

5.1. 시뮬레이터 실험 69

5.1.1. 연료전지 시뮬레이터 실험 69

5.1.2. 연료전지 및 DC/DC 컨버터 시뮬레이터 실험 72

5.2. 전력시스템 실험 75

5.2.1. 시뮬레이터 구성 및 프로그램 75

5.2.2. 제어 알고리즘 실험 81

제6장 결론 93

참고문헌 95

표목차

Table 2.1. Types and features of fuel cell 20

Table 3.1. Fuel cell system for ship according to energy source 31

Table 3.2. Application suitability depending on fuel cell type 31

Table 3.3. Variable value 42

그림목차

Fig. 1.1. Fuel cell ship of Zem ship project 16

Fig. 2.1. Operational principle of fuel cell 18

Fig. 2.2. Air supply system of fuel cell 22

Fig. 2.3. Hydrogen supply system of fuel cell 23

Fig. 2.4. Configuration of fuel cell system 24

Fig. 2.5. Configuration of fuel cell power system for DC power 26

Fig. 2.6. Configuration of fuel cell power system for AC power 27

Fig. 2.7. Configuration of fuel cell power system for the vehicle 28

Fig. 2.8. Concept of fuel cell system for the vehicle 28

Fig. 3.1. Example of developed fuel cell boat 30

Fig. 3.2. Comparison with fuel cell system for small-sized ship 33

Fig. 3.3. Applied fuel cell system for ship on ocean 33

Fig. 3.4. Parallel hybrid power system 35

Fig. 3.5. Series hybrid power system 36

Fig. 3.6. Parallel energy source power system 36

Fig. 3.7. Power system using the bi-directional DC/DC converter 37

Fig. 3.8. Power system using the super-capacitor 38

Fig. 3.9. Polarization curve of fuel cell 39

Fig. 3.10. Fuel cell simulation program 41

Fig. 3.11. Polarization curve of fuel cell simulation 42

Fig. 3.12. Polarization curve of fuel cell simulation at temperature changes 43

Fig. 3.13. Polarization curve of fuel cell simulation at pressure changes 44

Fig. 3.14. Polarization curve of fuel cell simulation at limiting current changes 44

Fig. 3.15. Basic circuit of full bridge DC/DC converter 46

Fig. 3.16. Waveform of full bridge DC/DC converter 46

Fig. 3.17. Simulation module of full bridge DC/DC converter 49

Fig. 3.18. Internal resistance model 50

Fig. 3.19. Simulation module of battery 52

Fig. 3.20. Simulation flow chart 53

Fig. 3.21. Simulation flow chart 55

Fig. 3.22. Block diagram of simulation program 56

Fig. 3.23. Front Panel of simulation program 57

Fig. 3.24. Power system simulation (power) 58

Fig. 3.25. Power system simulation (Voltage) 58

Fig. 3.26. Power system simulation (fixed output power) 59

Fig. 3.27. Load simulation 61

Fig. 4.1. Operation mode 63

Fig. 4.2. Algorithm of port mode 64

Fig. 4.3. Algorithm of docking mode 65

Fig. 4.4. Algorithm of navigation mode 66

Fig. 4.5. Algorithm point of operation mode 67

Fig. 4.6. Concept of operation mode change 68

Fig. 5.1. Experiment configuration of fuel cell simulator 69

Fig. 5.2. Front panel of fuel cell simulator program 70

Fig. 5.3. Block diagram of fuel cell simulator program 70

Fig. 5.4. I-V curve of fuel cell simulator 71

Fig. 5.5. I-P curve of fuel cell simulator 71

Fig. 5.6. Simulator configuration of fuel cell power system 72

Fig. 5.7. Voltage & current changes of fuel cell power system simulator 73

Fig. 5.8. Response characteristic according to load changes 74

Fig. 5.9. Schematic diagram of power system experiment 75

Fig. 5.10. Structure of control program 76

Fig. 5.11. (a) Front panel of control program... 78

Fig. 5.12. Front panel of control program 80

Fig. 5.13. Current changes in port mode 82

Fig. 5.14. Power changes in port mode 83

Fig. 5.15. Current changes in docking mode (set:0.5[A]) 84

Fig. 5.16. Current changes in docking mode (set:1.0[A]) 84

Fig. 5.17. Current changes in docking mode (set:1.5[A]) 85

Fig. 5.18. Current changes in docking mode (set:2.0[A]) 86

Fig. 5.19. Current changes in docking mode (Battery) 87

Fig. 5.20. Power changes in docking mode 88

Fig. 5.21. Current changes in navigation mode 89

Fig. 5.22. Power changes in navigation mode 90

Fig. 5.23. Voltage changes in port mode 91

Fig. 5.24. Voltage changes in docking mode 91

Fig. 5.25. Voltage changes in navigation mode 92

초록보기

As the problems of environmental pollution and fuel cost rises and so on, an attention about the fuel cell system is increased. For these reason, the studies to apply the fuel cell on the ship are researched. But, the fuel cell system has issues that it has the slow response characteristic when changing the load and energy storage equipment for stable output power is needed. Thus, the fuel cell power system needs the energy storage equipment for stable output power.

In this paper, the fuel cell system which is the suitable type to operate on a small sized vessel and ocean leisure ship in the ocean environment has been proposed. And it has been designed by considering the characteristics of power system of each ship type and the algorithm depending on operation mode also has been proposed.

The suggested power system was simulated to comprehend a characteristic. The power system component which is composed of the fuel cell, the full bridge DC-DC converter and the battery was executed simulation and was confirmed the operation characteristic. Also, the power system of fuel cell was implemented by the simulator using the programmable power supply, the electronic load and the dynamic characteristic was confirmed.

The suggested control algorithm regulates the output voltage of full bridge DC-DC converter depending on operation mode which was divided on Port Mode, Docking Mode and Navigation Mode. With this as voltage control the output current of fuel cell system was controlled. In order to validate the control algorithm the fuel cell system was connected to the battery directly and was experimented with load change in operation mode. As a result, the output change of fuel cell power is able to reduce according to loads change, and the battery takes a remaining power. Also, a requisite battery capacity was calculated through the quantity of battery charge and discharge.

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