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동의어 포함

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Title Page

Abstract

국문요약

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction 20

Chapter 2. Theoretical background 27

2.1. Percolation threshold 27

2.2. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness 30

Chapter 3. Experimental 33

3.1. Materials 33

3.2. Sample preparations 35

3.3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 45

3.4. Contact angle measurements 45

3.5. Electrical conductivity 46

3.6. Electromagnetic parameters 47

3.7. EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) 48

3.9. Thermal conductivity 50

Chapter 4. PP/Carbon Fiber Composites Prepared by Various Process 52

Morphology of the PP/CF Composites 52

Electrical Conductivities of PP/CF Composites. 56

Electromagnetic Parameters of the PP/CF Composites 60

EMI Shielding Effectiveness of PP/CF Composites 66

Chapter 5. Carbon Fiber Pultruded PP/poly(lactic acid)/MWCNT Composites Prepared by Injection Molding versus Screw Extrusion 73

Morphology of the polymer/single filler composites 73

Electrical Properties of the composites 76

Mechanical Properties of the Composites 81

Morphology of the CF/CNT hybrid filler Composites 83

Electrical Conductivities of the CF/CNT hybrid filler Composites 87

EMI Shielding Effectiveness of PP/PLA/CF/CNT Composites 91

Mechanical Properties of PP/PLA/CF/CNT Composites 99

Chapter 6. PS/Highly Anisotropic Copper Oblate Ellipsoids Composites 102

Morphological properties of PS/CuEB composites 102

Electrical conductivity of composites 106

EMI shielding properties of composites 108

Comparison with other conventional composites reported in literature 114

Chapter 7. poly(caprolactone)/Cu Plated Hollow Bead composites 117

Characterization of Cu coated expanded polymer beads (EBCu) 117

Characterization of PCL/EBCu composites 121

Electrical conductivities of the PCL/EBCu composites 124

EMI shielding properties of EBCu/PCL composites 127

Thermal conductivity of EBCu/PCL composites 133

Comparison with other conventional composites reported in literature 136

Chapter 8. CONCLUSIONS 140

References 142

List of Tables

Table 1. Compositions and Preparation Method of the PP/CF Composites. 40

Table 2. Phase angle, surface energy of polymer and MWCNT 80

Table 3. Comparison of Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)... 90

List of Figures

Figure 1. Percolation curve as a function of filler fraction. 29

Figure 2. Schematic illustration of EM wave shielding mechanism. 32

Figure 3. SEM morphology of conductive filler. 41

Figure 4. Schematic illustration for fabrication process of PS/CuEB composite 42

Figure 5. (a) Schematic illustration of expansion process of expandable polymer beads.... 43

Figure 6. (a) SEM image and (b) size distribution plots of expanded polymer beads. 44

Figure 7. Photographs of (a) vector network analyzer, (b) coaxial airline holder with... 49

Figure 8. Thermal conductivity measurement equipment (LFA-447, Netzsch, Germany). 51

Figure 9. Scanning electron micrography of the PP/CF (90/10, wt%) composites with... 54

Figure 10. Scanning electron micrography of the CF after different processing methods 55

Figure 11. Electrical conductivity of the PP/CF composites with sample preparation... 58

Figure 12. Scanning electron micrography of PP/CF composites with CF contents 59

Figure 13. Electromagnetic parameters of the dielectric constants (ε', ε") and magnetic... 63

Figure 14. Dielectric loss factor (tan δε) and magnetic loss factor (tan δμ) of the PP/CF...(이미지참조) 65

Figure 15. Total part of the EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) of the PP/CF composites...(이미지참조) 69

Figure 16. Absorption part of the EMI shielding effectiveness (SEA) of the PP/CF...(이미지참조) 71

Figure 17. SEM images of polypropylene and poly(lactic acid) with multiwall carbon... 75

Figure 18. Electrical conductivities of polypropylene and poly(lactic acid) with multiwall... 78

Figure 19. Contact angle measurements 79

Figure 20. Tensile and flexural strengths of polypropylene/poly(lactic acid... 82

Figure 21. SEM images of the PP/PLA (70/30)/CF/CNT (5 phr) composites with CF... 85

Figure 22. SEM images of the PP/PLA (70/30)/CF/CNT (5 phr) composites with... 86

Figure 23. Electrical conductivity of the PP/PLA (70/30)/CF/CNT (5 phr) composites with... 89

Figure 24. EMI shielding effectiveness of the PP/PLA (70/30)/CNT (5 phr) composites... 95

Figure 25. EMI shielding effectiveness measured at 10 ㎓ of the PP/PLA(70/30) /CNT... 96

Figure 26. EMI shielding effectiveness of total (SET), absorption (SEA) and reflection...(이미지참조) 97

Figure 27. EMI shielding effectiveness of the composites with frequency 98

Figure 28. Mechanical properties of the PP/PLA (70/30)/CNT (5 phr) composites with CF... 101

Figure 29. (a) Schematic illustration of fabrication process of polymer composites with... 104

Figure 30. (a) SEM micrograph of the cross-sectional view of CuEB in high magnification... 105

Figure 31. Electrical conductivity values of neat PS, Cu15/PS, CuEB2.7/PS, CuEB7/PS,... 107

Figure 32. Variations of EMI shielding effectiveness for neat PS and Cu15/PS,... 112

Figure 33. SEM micrographs of: (a) PS/CuEB and (b) Cu/PS composites with deformed... 113

Figure 34. EMI SE vs filler content (vol.%) comparison of PS/CuEB with other polymer... 116

Figure 35. (a), (b) OM and SEM images of EBs. Inset shows TEM image of the thin... 119

Figure 36. XRD patterns of EBCu particles 120

Figure 37. SEM images of (a) EBCuB2.2/PCL, (b) EBCuB4.0/PCL, (c) EBCuB6.9/PCL,... 123

Figure 38. Electrical conductivities of EBCu/PCL and SCu/PCL composites as a function... 126

Figure 39. (a) Total EMI shielding effectiveness, (b) reflection contribution, and (c)... 129

Figure 40. Absorption, reflection, and total EMI SE values of: (a),(b) and (c) EBCuA/PCL... 131

Figure 41. Skin depth of EBCuB/PCL composite as a function of Cu content. 132

Figure 42. Heat transport behaviors of EBCu/PCL composites. 135

Figure 43. (a) Comparison of thermal conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness... 139

초록보기

 본 논문에서는 전도성 필러를 이용한 고분자/전도성 필러 복합체의 형구학적, 전기적 특성 및 전자파 차폐 효율을 연구하였다. 전도성 필러로는 carbon fiber (CF), multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) 및 copper 가 사용되었다. 먼저 PP/CF 복합체를 사출, 믹싱 및 압출 방법을 이용하여 제조한 결과 복합체는 dielectric loss 가 우세한 전자파 흡수 메커니즘을 가졌으며, 사출로 제조한 복합체에서 높은 전기전도도와 전자파 차폐 효율을 보였다. 이는 filler 간 네트워크 구조가 잘 형성되었기 때문으로 판단된다.

PP/PLA//CF/MWCNT 복합체의 경우 상용화제인 PP-g-MAH 를 첨가하였을 때 더 우수한 기계적 강도 및 전기전도도를 가졌으며, 이는 MWCNT 의 분산성이 향상되었기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 동일 함량의 filler 를 사용하였을 경우 단일 filler 보다 이종의 filler 를 사용하였을 때 더 우수한 전자파 차폐율을 나타내었다.

다음으로는 PS/ highly anisotropic copper oblate ellipsoids 의 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 2D 형태의 filler 모폴로지는 전기전도도 향상에 유리한 모폴로지를 나타내었으며, 기존의 conventional Cu solid composite 에 비하여 훨씬 우수한 전자파 차폐율을 나타내었다. 이는 우수한 전기전도도 외에도 내부에서 일어나는 다중반사로 인한 흡수율 증가 효과 역시 차폐율 향상에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

마지막으로 PCL/Cu hollow bead 복합체의 물성에 관하여 연구하였다. hollow 특성으로 인하여 복합체는 매우 가벼운 특징을 보였으며, hollow bead 에 도금된 시간에 따라 밀도가 조절 가능하였다. Filler 의 함량에 따라서 filler 간 접촉이 point contact 에서 area contact 으로 변하였다. 전기전도도, 전자파 차폐율 및 열 전도도를 살펴본 결과 PS/Cu solid bead 보다 더 우수한 값을 가졌으며, 이는 복합체 내에서 Cu network 가 형성되었기 때문이다. 이를 통하여 hollow bead 를 이용한 복합체 내의 구조 제어가 복합체의 전자파 차폐율 및 열전도도 향상에 크게 기여한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.