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ABSTRACT 14
제1장 서론 19
제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 19
제2절 연구문제 21
제3절 연구방법 27
제2장 이론적 배경 31
제1절 보육정책의 개념과 내용 31
1. 보육정책의 개념 31
2. 보육정책을 구성하는 환경 요소 34
제2절 보육정책의 이론과 실태 35
1. 보육정책의 목표 35
2. 현 시대의 보육의 관점 36
3. 보육서비스 전달체계와 평가방법 37
제3절 중앙정부 및 광주광역시 보육정책 42
1. 중앙정부의 보육정책 42
2. 광주광역시의 보육정책 49
제4절 보육정책 수단으로서 어린이집 평가제 52
1. 어린이집 평가제 시행과정 52
2. 어린이집 평가제 평가지표와 내용 56
3. 보육서비스 질적 제고와 평가제를 둘러싼 쟁점 62
제3장 광주광역시 보육여건 분석 및 전망 65
제1절 광주광역시 인구와 가족구조 현황 65
1. 광주광역시 인구 현황 65
2. 광주광역시 가족 구조의 변화 67
제2절 광주광역시 보육현황 및 전망 68
1. 광주광역시 보육 현황 68
2. 광주광역시 보육 환경 변화와 전망 73
제4장 보육서비스 질적 제고를 위한 실태조사 75
제1절 조사 개요 75
1. 설문 대상 및 조사 절차 75
2. 설문 응답자 특성 79
제2절 정부 및 지자체 보육정책 인식 조사 82
1. 정부 보육정책에 대한 인지도 및 만족도 평가 82
2. 광주광역시 보육정책에 대한 인지도 및 만족도 평가 92
3. 광주지역 어린이집 확대 설치 의견 및 보육정책 개선 사항 103
제3절 보육서비스 질적 제고를 위한 개별 문항 분석 결과 105
1. 원장 분석 결과 105
2. 보육교사 분석 결과 111
3. 학부모 분석 결과 140
제4절 면접조사 결과 143
1. 어린이집 평가제에 대한 인식 및 애로사항 143
2. 어린이집 평가제 개선과 보육서비스 질 제고 방안 148
제5장 보육서비스의 질적 제고를 위한 방안 153
제1절 조사결과의 시사점 153
1. 정부와 지자체 보육정책에 대한 인식 조사에 대한 시사점 153
2. 보육서비스 질적 제고를 위한 개별 문항의 시사점 156
3. 원장, 보육교사, 학부모 면접 조사의 시사점 160
제2절 보육서비스 질적 제고 방안 160
1. 어린이집 이해당사자의 입장을 반영한 평가제 실시 160
2. 보육교사 처우 개선 및 전문성 제고 162
3. 보육서비스의 다양성 확대 163
4. 보육과정의 내실화 164
제6장 결론 167
제1절 요약 167
1. 어린이집 평가제 인식조사 결과 168
2. 보육서비스 질적 제고방안 면접조사 결과 172
제2절 제언 173
1. 어린이집 평가제에 대한 정책적 제언 173
2. 보육서비스 질적 제고를 위한 정책적 제언 174
3. 연구의 한계 175
참고문헌 177
1. 국내문헌 177
2. 국외문헌 181
부록_설문지 183
〈그림 1-1〉 연구의 흐름도 28
〈그림 2-1〉 어린이집 평가인증 운영체계 38
〈그림 2-2〉 제3차 중장기보육 기본계획(2018~2022) 47
〈그림 3-1〉 보육대상 아동 및 어린이집 이용 현황(2013~2018) 68
〈그림 3-2〉 어린이집 설립주체별 이용 아동 현황(2018) 69
〈그림 3-3〉 자치구별 어린이집 이용 아동 현황 및 어린이집 현황(2018) 69
This study focuses on the current evaluation system of daycare centers overseen by the government and local governments so as to draft strategies of improvement for the overall quality of childcare services. This case analysis of Gwangju Metropolitan City draws upon nuances within the evaluation and perception of childcare center directors, teachers, and parents. In addition this study sheds light on both the limitations and significance of the childcare center evaluation system, which to date has served as a key method to enhancing the quality of childcare services. Lastly. this study introduces prospective measures to improve childcare policies that reflect the opinions and demands of stakeholders within the child care sector.
According to this study's survey results, directors of daycare centers were found to suffer from financial difficulties as well as struggles in managing the recruitment of children. Furthermore, childcare teachers were the least satisfied with their salary levels and cited improvements to their working conditions and overall treatment as the top priority improvement in child care policies. Parents were most satisfied with the "quality of child care teachers" and "smooth parent-instructor communication." On the other hand, parents were least satisfied with the "infant-to-child care teacher ratio."
The levels of awareness in regards to child care policies implemented by the government and local governments in order from highest to lowest were as follows: directors of daycare centers, childcare teachers, and parents. Meanwhile, the levels of satisfaction were, in order from highest to lowest, parents, childcare teachers, and directors. Satisfaction with the government's child care policy was relatively low compared to levels of awareness for the policies themselves.
The directors were most satisfied with the "child happiness card system" and "the expansion of child care support centers' operations." This is believed to be due to the reduction of the burden on daycare centers in processes such as handling of childcare fees coupled. Additionally, such a response from the directors is also likely due to the strengthening of the support functions for daycare centers of which include child care consulting as well as rental of teaching materials and teaching aids. On the other hand, the directors' satisfaction with the "customized childcare scholarship" was the lowest. In order for the customized childcare scholarship system to work effectively, it is necessary to prepare objective rules conditions for matters such as the expansion of substitute teachers and assistant teachers at daycare centers as well as the overall reduction of working hours.
childcare teachers at daycare centers were the most satisfied with the "three-to five-year-old Nuri program," while childcare teachers were the least satisfied with the "daycare center evaluation and certification system." Despite the fact that the central purpose of the evaluation and certification system is to ensure continuous quality management of daycare centers, it was found that childcare teachers still find they are overloaded with work.
Amongst the government's child care policies, parents were the most satisfied with the "child happiness card system." From the parents' perspective, one can assume that they are satisfied with the support and convenience of daycare centers as they are able to pay for childcare fees for preschoolers with a single child happiness card provided by the government.
Levels of awareness regarding Gwangju Metropolitan City's child care policies were, ranked highest to lowest, recorded as follows: "payment of allowances to improve the treatment of child care teachers," "support for accredited evaluation facilities," "payment of holiday allowances for child care teachers," "support for teaching aids in government-supported facilities," "dispatch of childcare assistants," "support for kitchen staff," and "supporting child care safety deductions for children's residences." Gwangju Metropolitan City's child care policy entitled: "Support of Childcare Center Safety Deduction" was deemed by respondents to be the most satisfactory. This policy, which specifically deals with compensatory awards and other expenses related to safety accidents at daycare centers for children as well as childcare teachers and staff, was the only childcare policy to which all respondents claimed they were satisfied.
Upon interviewing various stakeholders regarding prospective methods to improve the evaluation system of daycare centers and, thereby, the overall quality of childcare services, there were many who suggested that the overall quality of child care teachers' work product and related activities were greatly reduced due to the preparations one must make for the evaluation system. In addition, there were questions raised about the scoring procedures as well as the objectivity and fairness of scoring based on the evaluation index of daycare centers. Furthermore, many respondents noted that the uniform evaluation index eliminates various characteristics of which are unique to each facility and does not consider the developmental characteristics and individual differences of infant students. Finally, many pointed out that the evaluation seemed to be conducted just for the sake of evaluating and that little was actually done in regards to following up or acting upon evaluation results.
Therefore, improvements are needed in the areas of disseminating unified forms and minimizing unnecessary paperwork; the composition and assessment of indicators suitable for evaluating daycare centers; and the establishment of institutional devices to ensure fairness in evaluation, especially to educate observation evaluators in advance of any onsite work. In particular, in terms of follow-up management, rather than provide simple guidance and supervision, it is necessary to provide concrete incentives such as support for operating daycare centers and childcare workers as well as to help daycare centers establish quality control systems autonomously so as to ensure accuracy of follow-up visits and observations.
The evaluation system of daycare centers is a powerful and efficient policy tool as all daycare centers are required to participate. The directors of daycare centers stressed the need for various activities in connection with the local community and creating an appropriate childcare environment for the community as well as the use of daycare centers for infants and child welfare. Community outreach activities should be continued so that children can receive the attention and care of those around them and be mentally and physically eniched against the backdrops of their own communities.
Childcare teachers emphasized interaction with children as an area requiring change. Rather than simply encouraging instructors to just interact with children in any context, it is necessary to ensure that such interactions are done so with concrete educational objective in mind and are sufficiently varied to allow students to be exposed to various methods of learning. As far as the evaluation process is concerned, it is also necessary to change the methods and perspectives regarding observation. In particular the methods should be adjusted so as to observe levels of sympathy and understanding of childcare teachers as well as their usage of respectful language and emotional interactions.
Parents want their children to glow up in a safe and healthy environment, thus, safe daycare center management is of the utmost importance. Tn order for infants and toddlers to receive child care services in a safe environment, child care teachers should always keep safety in mind when organizing their curriculum. However, it should be noted that excessive emphasis on safety may be overly burdensome on certain unique child care philosophies and child development methods which, accordingly, may overly standardize the child care process.
Finally, in terms of measures that will enhance the overall quality of child care services, first, treatment of child care teachers should be addressed so as to aid their expertise and levels of responsibility regarding practices of infant care. Secondly, various types of child care services should be provided, such as child care for disabled children, child care for multicultural families, infant care, and time-extended child care. Thirdly, the internal structure of the overall child care process should be strengthened. Simply stated, the government should contribute to further centralize the child care network by disclosing the details and information of other daycare centers, encouraging additional participation from parents, and promoting quality improvement through the daycare center evaluation system.*표시는 필수 입력사항입니다.
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