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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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제1장 서론 5

제2장 '방' 밖으로 : 『방』 24

제1절 들어가며 24

제2절 상징계로서의 '방' 26

제3절 실재와 대상a로서의 '지하실'과 라일리 31

제4절 새로운 시작을 향하여 44

제3장 아들의 회귀 : 『하룻밤의 외출』 50

제1절 들어가며 50

제2절 분리 시도 51

제3절 의사(擬似) 분리 57

제4절 어머니에게로의 회귀 63

제4장 어머니의 귀환 : 『귀향』 73

제1절 들어가며 73

제2절 어머니의 부재 76

제3절 강제된 모성 78

제4절 왜 매춘부인가? 83

제5절 자폐아, 애정결핍, 지진아 95

1. 자폐아 98

2. 애정결핍 102

3. 지진아 105

4. 남성성의 문제 106

제6절 어머니의 귀환 108

1. 프로이트가 보는 '꿈' 109

2. 아들의 꿈 112

제5장 결론 130

참고문헌 136

ABSTRACT 146

초록보기

The purpose of this paper is to read Harold Pinter's three plays, The Room, A Night Out and The Homecoming from psychoanalytic perspective. For The Room, we'll be using French psychoanalyst Jacque Lacan's theory. Since Lacan focuses on one's unconscious and desire, his psychoanalysis studies how a subject perceives oneself in social reality through the relations with the symbolic, and tries to follow the repressed unconscious in that symbolic. He also insists that a subject should never 'give ground relative to one's desire,' and this is the ethics of desire which he emphasizes. In this paper, I will look over Rose's identity which is unconsciously formed by sexual difference in patriarchal system and her unconscious with its relations with 'the room'. Here, I suggest the room itself represents the symbolic which activates by patriarchal system. From this point of view, the room turns out to be domestic sphere and Rose represents women who 'are imprisoned' in it while her husband Bert(men) holds social sphere and enjoys his social life. We will see the social and emotional repression of the women by the symbolic order and the fundamental lack caused by the repression. I will try to follow the movement of her unconscious and desire and analyze how Pinter leads her to the ethics of desire.

A Night Out seemingly appears to be a story of a widowed mother who is possessive of her impotent son trying to escape from her influence. However, this paper discusses the matter as an exclusive relationship between a mother and a son and the son's mother fixation. The conflict between the mother and the son could be seen as the Pinter's typical power game between male and female characters. Therefore, many critics focus on whether the power has moved to the son or not. However, I argue that we should go further into the background of the text. What lies underneath this mother-son relationship is negative effect of the male-dominated system which systematically locates women in the domestic sphere while men work for society and capitalist production. This sex-gender system perpetually generates sexual and familial division of labor and justifies women's mothering and absence of the fathers at home. In this sense, the mother and the son turn out to be victims of the patriarchy and their exclusive relationship is the consequence of this women's mothering causing the pre-oedipal mother-son relationship and the son's difficulty to be separated from her to become an independent man. To support the idea that the play is not about the power but the gender problem, American psychoanalyst Nancy Chodorow's concept will be used.

Women's exclusive mothering in the nuclear family in the capitalist society may cause exclusive mother-son relationship, which is one of the side effects of the system and there is another side effect which we will discuss in The Homecoming. Ruth and Jessie are the women who resist the oppressive mothering which is making them suffocating so they find their own way to free themselves from housework and nurturing and become financially independent as a prostitute. Seemingly, nymphomaniac, the choice of theirs is the one and only alternative they can be independent in the male-centered world. Left alone without their mother and busy father, sons turn out to have mental problems. To become mentally healthy, psychoanalysis emphasizes the good relationship between the primary caretaker(usually mothers) and the child during early childhood. Therefore, we will be looking through the matter with English psychoanalyst John Bowlby's 'Attachment Theory'. Also, we will interpret the play as Lenny's dream as wish-fulfillment. Since Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, sees dream as wish-fulfillment satisfying unconscious desires and wishes in disguised way, we will analyze Lenny's dream as a wish stemming from maternal deprivation to have his mother return using Freud's dream-work.

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