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전체메뉴

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

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Title Page

Abstract

Contents

I. INTRODUCTION 15

II. LITERATURE REVIEW 17

1. Perilla oil and polyunsaturated fatty acids 17

2. Obesity, inflammation and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 18

III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 20

1. Animal experiments and diet composition 20

2. Analysis of fatty acid composition in perilla oil and corn oil experimental diets 22

3. Analysis of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 22

4. Analysis of serum biochemical indicators 23

5. Analysis of fatty acids in whole blood 24

6. Analysis of lipid content in liver and adipose tissue 24

7. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) analysis 25

8. Western blot analysis 27

9. Statistical analysis 29

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 32

1. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil on body weight, daily body weight gain, daily food intake, daily energy intake, and food efficiency ratio (FER) in HFD-fed rats 32

2. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil on oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and serum glucose levels in HFD-fed rats 38

3. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on liver and adipose tissue weights in HFD-fed rats 43

4. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on the serum lipid profile in HFD-fed rats 48

5. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil on the whole blood fatty acid content of HFD-fed rats 51

6. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and leptin levels in HFD-fed rats 55

7. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on hepatic function parameters, serum glucose and insulin levels in HFD-fed rats 58

8. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on lipid accumulation in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed rats 63

9. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on the hepatic mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER)-related markers in HFD-fed rats 67

10. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ER stress-related markers in epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed rats 71

11. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on the protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress cytokines in liver of HFD-fed rats 75

12. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS stimulation on the protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed rats 78

V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 81

REFERENCES 83

국문초록 93

List of Tables

Table 1. Composition of experimental diets 21

Table 2. qRT-PCR primer sequences 26

Table 3. List of antibodies for western blot analysis 28

Table 4. Statistical summary 30

Table 5. Fatty acids profile of experiment diets 33

Table 6. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil on the whole... 52

List of Figures

Figure 1. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil on body... 37

Figure 2. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil on OGTT... 42

Figure 3. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 47

Figure 4. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 50

Figure 5. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil on the whole... 54

Figure 6. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 57

Figure 7. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 62

Figure 8. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 66

Figure 9. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 70

Figure 10. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 74

Figure 11. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 77

Figure 12. Effects of the fatty acid replacement with perilla oil or corn oil and LPS... 80

초록보기

다가 불포화 지방산 (PUFA)의 섭취는 비만, 당뇨병, 염증 및 심혈관 질환 환자에게 유익할 수 있다. 들기름 (PO)은 옥수수 기름 (CO)이나 참기름과 같은 다른 공급원보다 상대적으로 높은 ω-3 지방산 함량을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 실험 동물을 통해 고지질식이 중 일부를 PUFA가 많이 함유된 PO로 대체 시 간 염증에 대한 예방 효과를 조사하고자 하였다.

고지방 식이 일부를 PO로 대체 시 염증 억제 효과를 관찰하기 위해 5 주령 수컷 Sprague Dawley 랫드를 고지방 식이 (HFD), HFD + PO, HFD + CO 그룹으로 나누었다. 실험 동물에게 12주 동안 전술한 식이를 공급한 후 체중 kg 당 5 mg의 LPS를 복강 주입한 후 24 시간 뒤에 동물을 희생하였다. 그 결과 적혈구 원형질막 지방산 분포는 EPA, ω-3 DPA, DHA가 HFD + PO 그룹에 가장 많이 존재하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

PUFA 대체 그룹 (HFD + PO 또는 HFD + CO 그룹)에서 공복 혈당, 인슐린 및 HOMA-IR 수치는 HFD 그룹과 비교하였을 때, LPS 주입 후 유의하게 감소하였다. 그리고, PUFA 보충 그룹에서 간 중성지방 및 부고환 지방 조직 (EAT) 총 콜레스테롤 수준이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 PUFA 소비는 LPS로 인해 유도된 간 염증 및 소포체 (ER) 스트레스를 억제하였다. HFD를 섭취한 랫드와 비교 시, PUFA 섭취한 랫드는 간에서 전 염증성 사이토카인 (IL-1β 및 CXCL-1) 및 ER 스트레스 관련 마커 (BiP)의 mRNA 발현을 감소시켰다.

또한, PUFA 그룹에서 간에 염증성 단백질 (NF-κB, JNK 및 p38 MAPK)의 발현은 LPS 처리후 유의하게 감소하였다. 그리고 HFD + CO 그룹에서는 염증성 단백질 (p-ERK)과 항산화 조절 단백질 (NrF2)의 발현이 현저하게 감소한 반면, HO-1 단백질은 현저하게 증가하였다. LPS 처리 후 EAT에서 NrF2 단백질은 PUFA 그룹에서 유의하게 증가한 반면, HO-1은 HFD + PO 그룹에서 증가하였다. 종합하자면, PUFA가 풍부한 PO의 섭취는 간 염증 및 ER 스트레스를 감소할 수 있다.