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Title Page

ABSTRACT

Contents

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 13

1.1. Background and Research Objective 13

1.2. Research Structure 16

CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 19

2.1. Researches of port and container terminal efficiency by using DEA 19

2.2. Researches of Vietnamese port and container terminal efficiency by using DEA 31

2.3. Research gap 35

CHAPTER 3. THE CONTEXT OF CONTAINER TERMINAL SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM 38

3.1. Overview of seaport in Vietnam 38

3.2. Overview of container transportation in Vietnam 43

3.3. Overview of container terminals in Vietnam 49

3.4. Overview of container terminals in Southern Vietnam 57

3.4.1. Current situation of seaports in Southern Vietnam 57

3.4.2. Current situation of targeted terminals in Southern Vietnam 61

CHAPTER 4. METHODOLOGY 69

4.1. Overview of DEA 69

4.2. DEA-SBM 72

4.3. DEA Malmquist 75

4.4. DEA Undesirable Output 76

CHAPTER 5. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 80

5.1. Variable Selection 80

5.2. DEA-SBM Analysis Result 84

5.3. DEA-Malmquist Analysis Result 91

5.4. DEA Undesirable Analysis Result 96

CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, AND FURTHER RESEARCH 105

6.1. Conclusion 105

6.2. Limitation and Further Research 109

REFERENCES 110

List of Tables

Table 1. Summary of literature on container terminal performance measurement... 21

Table 2. Summary of literature on container terminal performance measurement... 25

Table 3. Summary of literature on container terminal performance measurement... 27

Table 4. Summary of literature review on Vietnamese container terminal... 31

Table 5. Container transport corridiors in the Northern Vietnam in 2019 47

Table 6. Container transport corridors in the Southern Vietnam in 2019 48

Table 7. Volume of containerized cargo through seaport in regions 54

Table 8. The number of vessel calls through seaport in regions in Vietnam 55

Table 9. Selected Input and Output Variables 80

Table 10. Definition of variable terms 82

Table 11. The assigned name of the target terminals by DMU 83

Table 12. SBM-C DEA Analysis in 2017 89

Table 13. SBM-C DEA Analysis in 2018 89

Table 14. SBM-C DEA Analysis in 2019 90

Table 15. Malmquist DEA Analysis Result in 2017-2018 91

Table 16. Malmquist DEA Analysis Result in 2018-2019 94

Table 17. The projection results of targeted container terminals 99

Table 18. The comparision of the efficiency scores under two models 104

List of Figures

Figure 1. Research Structure 16

Figure 2. Distribution of Vietnam's seaport system 40

Figure 3. The cargo throughputs of Vietnam port system (2010-2019) 42

Figure 4. The cargo volume by types (2015 -2020) 44

Figure 5. The cargo volume by types (2020) 45

Figure 6. Container transport corridors in the Northern Vietnam 46

Figure 7. Container transport corridors in the Southern Vietnam 48

Figure 8. Volume of containerized cargo through sea ports in 2000-2009 50

Figure 9. Volume of containerized cargo through sea ports in 2010 -2019 51

Figure 10. Compound Annual Growth Rate of some region (2010-2019) 52

Figure 11. The propotion of cargo throughput and vessel calls by region (2019) 57

Figure 12. Market share of container cargo through Southern Vietnam seaports 60

Figure 13. The geographic pattern of targeted container terminals 61

Figure 14. The efficient frontier and efficiency of decision units 70

Figure 15. Productivity change by region (2017-2019) 95

Figure 16. The efficiency value of targeted container terminals... 97

초록보기

Southern Vietnam is a key economic region for the country, producing 45% of Vietnam's GDP, despite only accounting for 9% of the country's total landmass and 21% of its population (Vietna m General Statistics Office, 2020). Specailly, the Southern Region dominates seaport-based conta iner transportation, contributing 55% of Vietnam's total vessel calls and 74% of its total conta iner cargo volume, with the North and Central regions trailing far behind (Vietnam Seaports Association, 2019). Besides, the area is invested with the highest density of container terminal construction and development in Vietnam.

However, despite the sector's importance, the efficiency of container terminals in Southern Vietnam has not been evaluated by the literature in recent years. (between 2017 and 2019). This study fills that research gap by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to evaluate the development of the major conta iner terminals in Southern Vietnam in the period of 2017 - 2019. For the result of DEA Slacks-Based Measure, there are only two conta iner terminals(Tan Cang Cat Lai, Cai Mep International Terminal) which achieved the efficiency in three consecutive years and Tan Cang-Cai Mep International Terrminal finally achieved the efficiency level in 2019, while other container termina ls have been in ineffective status. As the DEA-Malmquist result, most of the container terminals got the positive productivity growth between 2017-2019, and that this mainly derived from advancements in catch-up operational efficiency and in technological innovation. For the DEA-Undesirable Output model results, Tan Cang Cat Lai, Cai Mep International Terminal, Tan Cang - Cai Mep International Terminal still were the efficiency terminal with score of 1 while other container terminals displayed severe operational inefficiency, with these terminals' efficiency values decreasing by between 9 and 40% when considering undesirable outputs. The ineffective terminals can therefore be categorized as consuming excessive inputs and lacking in the production of desirable outputs or creating large amounts of undesirable outputs. Therefore, using these results, port authorities and policymakers should be better placed to develop appropriate strategies for managing container terminals in Southern Vietnam.

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