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Title Page

Contents

Abstract 9

INTRODUCTION 11

1.1. Statement of Problem 11

1.2. Research Questions 11

1.3. Definition of Key Terms 12

1.4. Goal of Dissertation 14

1.5. Thesis Statement 14

1.6. Methodology 15

1.7. Limitations 16

CHAPTER Ⅰ. LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND COLONIZATION: THE CREOLE PEOPLE WITH A DISPARAGING CREOLE IDENTITY 17

2.1. Rev. John Smith, A Christian Teacher of the Slaves 20

2.2. The English Language, A 'Western' Cultural Barrier to Life 26

2.3. Clothing, Culture, and the 'Whiteness' of God 28

2.3a. Colonial Deity Rooted in 'Whiteness' 32

2.3b. Colonial Happiness Rooted in 'Whiteness' 34

CHAPTER Ⅱ. LAND, CULTURE AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT: OTHER SIDES TO THE SAME STORY 37

3.1. Walter Rodney, Karl Marx and Eurocentric Development 44

3.2. Racial Identity in Guyana 48

3.3. Politics of Race and Class 51

3.3a. The Origin 51

3.3b. The Current Political Climate 54

CHAPTER Ⅲ. FAITH STANCE TO POVERTY: DECOLONIZING CHRISTIAN EDUCATION 58

4.1. Confession Statements: Towards a Mission of Hope 61

4.1a. Confessions to Poverty 65

4.1b. Confessions to Racism 67

4.2. Reconciliation and Solidarity among the Vulnerable 68

4.3. Rudiments for a Social Transformation Through a Common Vocation 74

CHAPTER Ⅳ. EMANCIPATORY CHRISTIAN EDUCATION: ENGAGING CULTURE 82

5.1. The Relevance of Praxis Through Contextualization 87

5.2. Praxis of the Oppressed Towards Freedom 90

5.2a. Praxis of the Hidden Curriculum Towards Justice 91

5.2b. Praxis of Relativity Towards Consciousness 93

CHAPTER Ⅴ. A FRAMEWORK FOR A DECOLONIZATION 96

Conclusion 100

Bibliography 101

List of Tables

Table 1. Five Stages of changes in social relations caused by Development according to Karl Marx defined by Walter Rodney 45

Table 2. List of Terms with Functions for social transformation 81

Table 3. A Framework for decolonization 96

초록보기

Guyana is noted among the Eurocentric world as a country that is poor and underdeveloped. This research aims to interrogate poverty and underdevelopment by examining Guyana's colonial past with its superiority to foreignness. Sections of this thesis will seek to deconstruct the 'whiteness' that exist in Guyanese culture through (1) the hermeneutical interpretation of Bible scripture; (2) images of God; (3) fragments of language; (4) understanding of land; and (5) concepts of education. Deconstruction is a strong statement but, important to the Caribbean people in overcoming the legacies of slavery, towards 'Real Emancipation.'

The ongoing process of Paulo Freire's 'action and reflection: praxis,' will be the critical lens through which deconstruction takes place in a qualitative attempt to reform a holistic theological framework aimed at liberation of the oppressed. As a practical framework, Maria Harris's vocational transformation of Koinonia, Leiturgia, Kerygma, Diakonia, Didache and in addition Marturia will be the key areas of church responsibility. By hope in acts of community-solidarity movements, contextualization will promote experiences of rising to life that are based on an education that opposes 'foreignness' and promote reconciliation with the Guyanese culture towards a sustainable future.