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Title Page

Abstract

Contents

Introduction 11

Experimental Section 15

Results and Discussion 20

Conclusion 26

References 39

List of Tables

Table 1. Results of DFT calculations 27

Table 2. Results of Molecular Dynamics Simulations based on Changes in the Hardeners 28

Table 3. Summary of reaction conditions for synthesized cardanol novolac samples and their results 29

Table 4. Summary of reaction conditions for epoxidized cardanol novolac samples and their results 30

Table 5. Properties of anti-corrosive epoxy coating with CDNDIE 31

List of Figures

Figure 1. Comparison of Molecular Models and HOMO-LUMO Energy Levels in Cardanol Novolac Dimer Epoxy (CNDIE) Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations 32

Figure 2. Modeling of Cross-Linked Structures of CNDIE Based on Binding Site through Molecular Dynamics Simulation 33

Figure 3. GPC overlay charts of (a) synthesized CNDI samples before purification and the high-purity Cardanol used as the raw material, (b) CNDI samples after the... 34

Figure 4. Verification of ortho/para Bonding Ratio through ¹H NMR Analysis of Synthesized CNDI Samples 35

Figure 5. (a) ¹H NMR Spectrum and (b) FT-IR Spectrum of synthesized CNDIE samples ,CNDI samples and high purity cardanol 36

Figure 6. Results of the DSC Analysis upon Reaction of the Synthesized Product with PAI Hardener 37

Figure 7. Results of Rheometer Analysis at Different Temperature Ranges Upon Reaction of the Synthesized Product with PAI Hardener 38

초록보기

 Epoxy resin is mainly used in marine and heavy-duty coating applications to protect materials because of its excellent adhesion to substrates.

The marine and heavy-duty coating market aims to reduce solvent usage and produce high-solids and solvent-free coating formulations, to comply with volatile organic content regulations. Accordingly, the demand for a new epoxy diluent without decreasing its coating properties as well as a low-viscosity epoxy resin is increasing. In addition, the demand for bio-based materials is increasing as sustainability have gained attention. According to these trends, a new epoxy diluent using high-purity cardanol obtained from cashew nut shell liquid was studied. In this study, the curing properties of the the dimer structures of Cardanol Novolac resin using cardanol were predicted through DFT calculations and molecular modeling. A novolac dimer of epoxy was synthesized using high-purity cardanol and analyzed using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography. The coating properties were predicted based on the cured properties using differential scanning calorimetry and rheometric studies. In addition, the commercial applicability of the synthetic material was examined by analyzing its coating application properties.

The di-functional epoxy diluent produced using high-purity cardanol can be used for marine and protective coating applications. This product showed strong potential for commercial applications because of its high dilution effect and improved coating properties, such as impact resistance and chemical resistance, by increasing the cross-linking density of coatings based on its di-functional structure. In addition, the use of bio-based materials is advantageous for commercial use of this material. So, this research is expected to facilitate the propagation of eco-friendly constituents within the realm of epoxy coatings. The formulation of a novel diluent through this study holds the potential to proffer more sustainable and environmentally benign resolutions within the ambit of the coating industry.

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