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동의어 포함
Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 20
1.1. Alzheimer's disease 20
1.2. Drugs and mechanisms of action for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease 21
1.3. Drug delivery system and limitations for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease 22
1.4. Controlled release drug delivery system for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease 28
1.5. Thermoresponsive hydrogels 30
1.6. Microspheres 33
1.7. Manufacturing method of microsphere 34
1.8. Purpose and strategy of this work 36
2. Materials and method 42
2.1. Materials 42
2.2. Preparation of donepezil-loaded microsphere using monoaxial one-nozzle ultrasonic atomizer 43
2.3. Characterization and morphology evaluation of donepezil-loaded microspheres 44
2.4. Encapsulation efficiency of donepezil-loaded microspheres 45
2.5. Particle size measurement and stability test of donepezil-loaded microsphere 46
2.6. Mechanical properties of donepezil-loaded microsphere 47
2.7. Synthesis and characterization of PCL 47
2.8. Preparation and rheological characterization donepezil-loaded combination formulations 49
2.9. Uniformity evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulations during injection 50
2.10. Injectability and injection force evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulation 51
2.11. In vitro drug release of donepezil-loaded combination formulation 52
2.12. In vivo subcutaneous injection of donepezil-loaded combination formulation 53
2.13. In vivo drug release of donepezil-loaded combination formulation 55
2.14. In vivo biodegradation evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulation 56
2.15. In vivo physicochemical evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulation 57
2.16. In vivo biocompatibility evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulation 58
2.17. Statistical analyses 60
3. Results and discussion 61
3.1. Preparation and characterization of donepezil-loaded microsphere 61
3.2. Encapsulation and yield of donepezil-loaded microsphere 64
3.3. Comparison of particle size and distribution of donepezil-loaded microspheres 67
3.4. Stability evaluation of donepezil-loaded microsphere 71
3.5. Mechanical property of donepezil-loaded microsphere 73
3.6. Preparation and rheological characterization donepezil-loaded combination formulations 76
3.7. Uniformity evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulations during injection 82
3.8. Injectability and injection force evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulations 86
3.9. In vitro drug release of donepezil-loaded combination formulations 92
3.10. In vivo subcutaneous injection of donepezil-loaded combination formulations 96
3.11. In vivo drug release of donepezil-loaded combination formulations 104
3.12. In vivo biodegradation and morphology evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulations 113
3.13. In vivo biodegradation and physicochemical evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulations 119
3.14. In vivo biocompatibility evaluation of donepezil-loaded combination formulations 129
4. Conclusion 140
5. References 142
List of Publications 151
List of Patent 153
List of Book chapter 153
List of Presentations 154
List of Awards 155
Abstract (In Korean) 156
Figure 1. (a) drug for treatment Alzheimer's disease, (b-d) Release drug concentration vs. time plot (b) general drug IV injection system. (c) general drug... 26
Figure 2. Schematic representation for thermoresponsive hydrogel. 32
Figure 3. Schematic representation for single formulation and combination formulation of drug delivery system. 40
Figure 4. Schematic representation of (a) donepezil-loaded microsphere (Do-PLGA-M and Do-PLA-M) with ultrasonic frequency atomizer and (b) reduction of... 41
Figure 5. Characterization of Do-PLGA-M and Do-PLA-M. (a) optical microscopy (x 10), (b) Camscope (x 300), (c) scanning electron microscopy (SEM; x 500). 63
Figure 6. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) of (a) PLA-M, (b) Do-PLGA-M, (c) Do-PLA-M 30%, (d) Do-PLA-M 35% and (e) Do-PLA-M 40%. 70
Figure 7. The change of particle sizes of Do-PLGA-M and Do-PLA-M at (a) 4 ˚C and (b) 37 ˚C for 4 weeks. 72
Figure 8. Nanoindentation tests of Do-PLGA-M and Do-PLA-M. (a) load-displacement curves, (b) Young's (elastic) modulus, (c) hardness of Do-PLGA-M... 75
Figure 9. Preparation and characterization of PCL. (a) preparation scheme of PCL, (b) ¹H-NMR, (c) GPC curve, (d) characterization analysis of PCL. 80
Figure 10. Rheological characterization of PCL, Do-PLGA-M/PCL, Do-PLA-M/PCL, (a) viscosity-temperature curves, (b) viscosity at 25 ˚C and 37 ˚C, (c)... 81
Figure 11. Images of donepezil injectable formulations and fluorescein injectable formulations. (a) optical images of Do-PLGA-M, Do-PLA-M and Fl-PLA-M... 85
Figure 12. Injectability tests of (a) injection solution, PCL, Do-PLGA-M, Do-PLGA-M/PCL, Do-PLA-M, Do-PLA-M/PCL formulation loaded into a syringe,... 91
Figure 13. In vitro drug release of donepezil-loaded injectable formulation (Do-PLGA-M, Do-PLA-M and Do-PLA-M/PCL). (a) accumulated in vitro release... 95
Figure 14. In vivo donepezil-loaded depots after injection of donepezil-loaded injectable formulations. (a) images of Do-PLA-M/PCL depot formed and removed... 102
Figure 15. In vivo drug release of donepezil-loaded depot after injection of donepezil-loaded injectable formulations. (a) accumulated in vivo release behavior... 111
Figure 16. (a) Camscope (optical) images of surface images and (b) SEM images of cross-sections image of Do-PLGA-M, Do-PLA-M and Do-PLA-M/PCL depots... 118
Figure 17. In vivo physicochemical and biodegradation evaluation of PLGA-M, PLA-M, PLA-M/PCL depots formed after in vivo subcutaneous injection of... 125
Figure 18. (a, b) ¹H-NMR signals of PLGA-M, PLA-M and PLA-M/PC depot removed from SD rats at 1, 3, 6, 8 weeks after in vivo subcutaneous injection of... 127
Figure 19. In vivo physicochemical and biodegradation of PLGA-M, PLA-M and PLA-M/PCL depots formed in vivo subcutaneous injection of injectable... 128
Figure 20. H&E-stained histological sections of Do-PLGA-M, Do-PLA-M and Do-PLA-M/PCL depots removed from SD rats at 1, 3, 6 and 8 weeks after in vivo... 137
Figure 21. (a) ED1-stained histological sections of donepezil-loaded depots removed from SD rats at 1, 3, 6 and 8 weeks after subcutaneous injection of... 138
Figure 22. (a) CD4-stained histological sections of donepezil-loaded depots removed from SD rats at 1, 3, 6 and 8 weeks after subcutaneous injection of... 139
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