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Title Page

ABSTRACT

Contents

Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction 14

A. Theme statement 14

B. The relevance of the study 15

C. The objectives of the dissertation 16

D. Approach of the thesis 18

E. Hypothesis 19

F. The methodology of the study 19

G. Literature review 20

H. General outline. 26

Chapter Ⅱ. The Early Western Church Condition in 4-5 C. 27

Introduction 27

A. Rome and the Early Christianity 30

B. Constantine and the tolerance for Christianity 33

C. Early Christian Controversies 57

1. Manichaeism 58

2. Neoplatonism 62

3. The Donatist Schism, 311-393 65

D. The Roman See and the Western Church 81

1. The church and the Empire in the Church 81

2. The life of the Christian Community 90

3. Western Monasticism 100

Conclusion 104

Chapter Ⅲ. Augustine's life and ministry 109

Introduction 109

A. The birth of Augustine, his childhood and youth 112

B. The conversion of Augustine 119

1. The devoted servant of St. Ambrose 122

C. Augustine's view on philosophy and theology 127

1. The Doctrines of St. Augustine 130

D. Augustine's spirituality 138

1. His monastic life 141

E. The background of the City of God 144

1. The Confessions 150

F. Authority of the scriptures 154

1. Augustine and the scriptures 156

G. Priesthood and holiness 157

1. As bishop of Hippo (396-430) 159

H. Understanding of history 171

1. Augustine's critique of the Catholic Church 173

2. Augustine and unity of the church 179

3. Augustine and the Church 181

I. Augustine's and the Major Controversies of His Day 183

1. Augustine and the Manichaes 183

2. Augustine's and the Donatists 185

Conclusion 191

Chapter Ⅳ. St. Augustine's thought and Pelagian controversy. 199

Introduction 199

A. The History of the Pelagian controversy 204

1. Pelagius 204

2. Coelestius 208

3. Council of Carthage 209

4. Augustine's involvement 211

B. Pelagianism 216

1. Doctrine of the Goodness of Man 218

2. Primitive State of Man. 221

3. Doctrine of a Free Will 222

4. Possibility of a Sinless Life 226

5. Doctrine of Grace 229

C. Augustinianism 233

1. Doctrine of Man's Fall 234

2. Doctrine of Original Sin 239

3. Doctrine of Grace 244

4. Doctrine of Predestination 249

Conclusion 251

Chapter Ⅴ. Augustine's impact on Reformation: Martin Luther and Calvin 256

Introduction 256

A. Martin Luther (1483-1546) 261

1. Martin Luther's use of Augustine theology in the reformation 261

2. Luther's critique of Augustine 264

3. Luther's views on the City of God 267

4. Luther's loyalty to the Augustinian order 268

5. The controversial issues 272

6. Understanding of sin and sanctification influence by Augustine 274

7. Theology of Grace as influenced by Augustine. 276

8. The Lord's Supper: Luther and Augustine 281

9. Priesthood of all believers. 284

B. John Calvin (1509-1564) 285

1. John Calvin on Augustine's theology 285

2. John Calvin on Augustine's view of sacrament 288

3. Augustine on sin and sanctification 290

4. Grace of God as influenced by Augustine. 293

5. On Predestination 295

Conclusion 298

Chapter Ⅵ. The influence and the legacy of St. Augustine 304

Introduction 304

A. His teachings 306

1. Augustine the thinker 310

B. The spiritual leader 311

C. Augustine: Being Persistence 315

D. Augustine: Preister 319

E. The work of Augustine 322

F. Augustine's legacy 327

Conclusion 331

Chapter Ⅶ. General Conclusion and Implications 338

A. Conclusion 338

B. Implications 348

1. The Importance of Real Relationship with God 350

2. The Necessity of the Church 351

3. The Helplessness of Humanity 352

4. The Supreme Authority of the Bible 353

5. The Trinity of Love 355

6. The Purpose of the Universe 357

7. The Christian Life as a Journey of Faith 360

8. The Christian Life as Mission 362

9. Human Freedom 363

10. God and the World 368

11. A Most Influential Life 369

BIBLIOGRAPHY 371

APPENDIX 390

초록보기

 The intention of this study is to investigate the role St. Augustine has contributed as a North African Church Historian. In order to archive the intention of this study one of the most significant works that Augustine wrote the City of God is going to be used as a literature review.

The City of God is originally written to defend the church against charges of being responsible for the destruction of the city of Rome in 410 CE; the City of God has come to stand as a monument to theological reflection on the history of God's creation.

Though not primarily a historian, Augustine as a historical Philosopher has made a significant contribution to the study of Christian history. He raises scripture to become the source of the meaning of history and defines the only true history as sacred history. This study considers Augustine's critique of the Church catholic, the meaning of history, the origins of the City of God, Augustine's views on the philosophy and theology history and the prophetic nature of biblical history.

The first part of the study will trace the early life struggle of Augustine in his quest for knowledge and the truth. He learnt rhetoric studies; he examined the Holy Scriptures and found them unworthy. Then he was a follower of the Manicheans, but he was disillusioned when he met their sophistical leader Faustus. Finally, bishop Ambrose of Milan in his allegorical interpretation and explanation of scripture and the influence of Christian Neoplatonism helped Augustine to find an approach to the Bible and to overcome his difficulties with his childhood religion. Ambrose led him to the verge of conversion.

Augustine's impact on Reformation is considered. He is a father of the Church who has exerted an unparalleled influence on more than the thousand years that separated him from the birth of Protestant churches, but that long period is not an empty space because his historical work was influential throughout this period. In a movement to renew and reform the Church the various Reformers of the sixteenth century like Martin Luther and John Calvin studied Augustine in order to challenge abuses within the Catholic Church. The influence and the legacy that Augustine had on other people is discussed as the final conclusion of the study. The ideas, which he phrased with great skill, were to be accepted by almost all the leading thinkers of Europe until after the Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Augustine had made much of being the Catholic bishop of Hippo.

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