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동의어 포함
Title Page 2
ABSTRACT 5
Contents 6
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 13
1.1. Principle of rechargeable LIBs 13
1.2. Historical Background of LMBs 13
1.3. Next generation Batteries: Revisiting LMA 14
1.3.1. Superiority of LMBs 14
1.3.2. Challenges of LMBs 15
1.3.3. Inherent Irregularity of LMAs 15
1.4. Surface treatment of LMA 17
1.4.1. Chemical treatments 17
1.4.2. Mechanical treatments 17
1.5. Research Goals 18
Ⅱ. Experimental Method 18
2.1. Preparation of MTM-Li 18
2.2. Preparation of electrolytes and cathodes 20
2.3. Cell assembly and electrochemical testing 21
2.4. Characterization 21
Ⅲ. Results and discussion 22
3.1. Analysis of characteristics of MTM-Li surface 22
3.1.1. Structural characteristics 22
3.1.2. Chemical characteristics 24
3.1.3. Electrochemical characteristics 26
3.2. Morphological study of MTM-Li 27
3.3. Versality of MTM-Li with different electrolyte 30
3.4. Cycling performance and postmortem analysis 35
Ⅳ. Conclusion 39
References 40
요약문 46
Figure 1.1. A diagram illustrating the basic principles of LIBs, which utilize a graphite anode and a transition... 13
Figure 1.2. (a) Graphical illustration showing energy density ranges about next-generation batteries and cello... 14
Figure 1.3. Schematic diagram of interfacial evolution during prolonged cycling of LMBs 15
Figure 1.4. Schematic diagram of manufacturing process of commercial Li foils and inherent surface... 16
Figure 1.5. Schematic diagram of locally and randomly distributed Li⁺ flux due to the (a) NPL and (b)... 16
Figure 1.6. SEM images for (a) pristine LMA surface and (b) the LMA surface treated with... 17
Figure 1.7. Top-view SEM images of (a) pristine LMA surface, (b) post-calendaring treated LMA surface by... 17
Figure 2.1. Schematic of MTM using as-received LMA (bare Li) for producing MTM-Li 18
Figure 2.2. Cross-section SEM images of (a, c, e) the untreated LMAs, and (b, d, f) MTM-Li samples. In this... 19
Figure 2.3. Depth profiling of selected secondary ions (black: Li⁻, blue: O²⁻, olive: OH⁻, pink: CO₃⁻, sky-... 20
Figure 2.4. (a) Image of a 5 cm-wide LMA, and (b-f) Cross-sectional SEM images of the center and four... 20
Figure 3.1. Cross- and top-view scanning electron microscopy images for the (a, b) bare Li and (c, d) MTM-... 22
Figure 3.2. XRD patterns for bare Li, heated LMA (bare Li) at (110 ℃ for 30 minutes) and MTM-Li 24
Figure 3.3. (a) High-resolution XPS spectra of bare Li and MTM-Li after fabrication, XPS spectra with 0 s... 24
Figure 3.4. Mapping of the ToF-SIMS analysis of the surface of bare Li and MTM-Li 26
Figure 3.5. (a) Depth profiling of bare Li and MTM-Li surface with C₂H⁻ in the ToF-SIMS analysis and (b)... 26
Figure 3.6. (a) Arrhenius plot of interfacial resistance (Rᵢₙₜ) derived in the EIS spectra of LiLi cells collected... 26
Figure 3.7. Nyquist plots of the LiLi symmetric cells with (a) bare Li and (b) MTM-Li over a wide... 27
Figure 3.8. Top-view (upper) and cross-sectional (lower) SEM images during Li electroplating over time (0.1-... 28
Figure 3.9. Ex-situ SEM analysis of (a) bare Li and (b) MTM-Li during continuous electrodeposition, ranging... 29
Figure 3.10. Top-view SEM images of (a) bare Li and (b) MTM-Li taken at the initial and final stages of Li... 30
Figure 3.11. Cycling of LiLi cells and postmortem analysis. Voltage profiles of LiLi cells with (a) LCE-C,... 30
Figure 3.12. Top-view and cross-sectional SEM images for bare Li and MTM-Li electrodes, respectively, with... 31
Figure 3.13. Galvanostatic linear polarization in LiLi symmetric cells and the corresponding overpotential... 32
Figure 3.14. Differences in Li plating morphology using various electrolytes. Top-view SEM images at... 32
Figure 3.15. Comparison of cycling performances for LiLiFePO₄ cells (1.8 mAh cm⁻²) using bare Li and... 33
Figure 3.16. Time-evolution of interfacial resistances (Rᵢₙₜ) for LiLi cells employing bare Li and MTM-Li to... 34
Figure 3.17. High-resolution XPS C 1s, O 1s, F 1s, N 1s, and S 2P spectra for bare Li and MTM-Li after 20... 35
Figure 3.18. Cycling performances of LMBs with bare Li and MTM-Li. Capacity retentions of (a)... 36
Figure 3.19. Nyquist plots of the LiNMC622 cells with (a) bare Li and (b) MTM-Li after aging process,... 36
Figure 3.20. (a) Rate capability of LiNMC622 at different charge C-rates from 0.5 C to 7 C(1 C = 2.5 mA... 37
Figure 3.21. Top-view and cross-sectional SEM images for the (a, c) bare Li and (b, d) MTM-Li harvested... 38
Figure 3.22. The schemes for distinct behaviors on interfacial evolutions of LMAs over long-term cycling 38
Figure 3.23. SEM images and EDS oxygen mapping for (a) bare Li, (b) MTM-Li produced in a dry room, (c)... 39
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