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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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Title Page 1

Abstract 3

Contents 5

Ⅰ. Introduction 8

Ⅱ. Context 11

Historical Background 11

Affirmative Action Bans and U.S. Higher Education 13

Racial Diversity and Higher Education 15

State Legislature Partisanship and Policy Effects 17

Ⅲ. Data 19

Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System 19

American Community Survey and U.S. Census 20

National Conference of State Legislatures 20

Descriptive Statistics 20

Ⅳ. Empirical Strategy 26

Racial Diversity Measure 26

Staggered Difference-in-Differences Model 26

Ⅴ. Results 29

Effect of Affirmative Action Bans on Racial Diversity 29

Effect of Affirmative Action Bans on Racial Enrollment 31

Difference in Policy Effect by State Legislative Control 33

Ⅵ. Discussion 37

Ⅶ. Conclusion 39

References 41

Appendices 48

Appendix A. Supplemental Information 48

Appendix B. Robustness Checks 50

Imputation-based DiD Estimator 50

Alternative Staggered DiD Estimators 55

Results Without Four States 57

List of Tables 6

Table 1. Timing of Affirmative Action Bans by State 21

Table 2. Summary Statistics of Racial Composition 22

Table 3. Baseline Characteristics of Racial Composition 24

Table 4. Summary Statistics of State Legislature Partisan Composition 25

Table 5. Effects of Affirmative Action Bans on Racial Diversity 31

Table 6. Effects of Affirmative Action Bans on Racial Diversity by State Legislative Control 36

List of Figures 7

Figure 1. Affirmative Action Bans by State 13

Figure 2. Racial Composition of Undergraduate Enrollment 23

Figure 3. State Legislature Partisan Composition 25

Figure 4. Time-Varying Effects of Affirmative Action Bans on Racial Diversity 30

Figure 5. Time-Varying Effects of Affirmative Action Bans on Racial Enrollment 33

Figure 6. Affirmative Action Bans by State Legislative Control 34

Figure 7. Time-Varying Effects on Racial Diversity by State Legislative Control 35

Figure 8. Time-Varying Effects on Racial Enrollment by State Legislative Control 36

초록보기

 Affirmative action in U.S. university admissions aims to enhance student racial diversity and address educational inequities. However, 11 states have banned affirmative action in university admissions. This study examines the effects of these bans on student racial diversity across U.S. public universities from 1990 to 2020. I find that banning affirmative action has reduced undergraduate racial diversity. Specifically, there is a sharp rise in Hispanic enrollment shares while Asian, Black, and White enrollment shares remain unchanged. Furthermore, the study explores how state legislature partisanship creates variations in policy effects, showing that Asian enrollment shares have decreased in Democratic-led states. The results provide U.S. higher education policy implications on the interactions among affirmative action bans, student racial diversity, and state political factors.

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