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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

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동의어 포함

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Title Page 2

Contents 7

Abstract 12

1. Introduction 13

1.1. Principle and Dynamics of Thermogalvanic cells 17

1.2. Performance evaluation of Thermogalvanic cells 21

Progress in redox couple 25

P-type redox couple 25

Need of n-type redox couple 26

N-type redox pairs 26

2. Strategies employed in TGC 29

Phase addition and transition effects 33

Synergistic effect of thermodiffusion and thermogalvanic effects 38

Other novel strategies 42

3. Aims and Objectives 44

Aim 44

Objective 44

1. Design and Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Redox Polymers 44

2. Investigation of Thermopower Enhancement Mechanism 44

3. Electrochemical and Thermal Characterization 44

4. Experimental Section 45

Materials 45

Material Synthesis 45

Synthesis of Ferrocene Acrylate 45

Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) 46

Synthesis of Ferrocene Acrylate-co-NIPAM Copolymer 47

Fabrication of Liquid Thermocell 47

Electrochemical measurements 48

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 49

Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) 50

5. Result and Discussion 50

5.1. Synthesis and characterization of Synthesis of Ferrocene Acrylate 50

5.2. Synthesis and characterization of p(ferrocene acrylate-co-NIPAM) 51

5.3. Measurement of thermopower of different ferrocene derivatives 57

5.4. Electrochemical characterization of p(ferrocene acrylate-co-NIPAM) 59

5.5. Theoretical explanation on enhancement of thermopower 63

5.6. Effect of supporting electrolyte in p(ferrocene acrylate-co-NIPAM) 64

6. Conclusion 69

7. Perspectives and Future direction 70

8. References 72

국문요약 87

List of Figures 9

Figure 1. A Systematic review of thermogalvanic cell utilization 16

Figure 2. Overview of TGC dynamics 20

Figure 3. Schematic illustrations of thermocell systems demonstrating enhanced Sₑ... 33

Figure 4. Thermopower enhancement through multi-phasic systems and phase transitions 38

Figure 5. Enhancing thermopower with ionic-based thermoelectrics and redox couples 42

Figure 6. Synthetic route to the ferrocene acrylate 46

Figure 7. Synthetic route to the p(NIPAM) 46

Figure 8. Synthetic route to the p(NIPAM-co-ferrocene acrylate) 47

Figure 9. Thermogalvanic measurement setup, (a) Schematic showing the Peltier device... 49

Figure 10. 1H-NMR spectrum of the ferrocene acrylate monomer (FA), illustrating... 51

Figure 11. 1H-NMR spectrum of the p(NIPAM-co-FcA), illustrating characteristic... 52

Figure 12. Transition of polymer before and after LCST 53

Figure 13. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) showing coil-to-globule transition at 30℃ and 32℃ 54

Figure 14. FTIR spectra at different temperature of p(NIPAM-co-FcA) 56

Figure 15. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve of p(NIPAM-co-FcA), indicating... 57

Figure 16. Thermogalvanic performance of various ferrocene-based derivatives: Ferrocene-... 59

Figure 17. Schematic of working of thermogalvanic cell based on p(ferrocene acrylate-co-... 60

Figure 18. Working of thermogalvanic cell (a) Time, temperature and voltage result with... 61

Figure 19. Long-term stability showing constant voltage output over time 62

Figure 20. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of ferrocene derivatives at ΔT = 12K(black... 63

Figure 21. Enhancement in current output upon the addition of 0.05 M NaCl as a... 65

Figure 22. Bode plot comparing the impedance response of p(NIPAM-co-FcA) with and... 66

Figure 23. Nyquist plots of the p(NIPAM-co-FcA) in the absence (left) and presence(right)... 67

Figure 24. Comparison of CTR showing a decrease from 23,420 Ω (without NaCl) to 116... 67

Figure 25. Thermogalvanic operation of p(NIPAM-co-FcA) with 0.05 M NaCl (a) Time... 68

Figure 26. Power output characteristics demonstrating the impact of NaCl addition 69

Figure 27. Challenges and Future Research Directions in Thermogalvanic Cells 72

초록보기

 열갈바닉 셀(TGCs)은 산화환원 활성 물질의 엔트로피 변화를 이용하여 폐열을 지속적으로 전기로 변환할 수 있습니다. 광범위한 응용을 위해서는 p 형과 n 형 TGC 를 모두 통합하는 것이 필수적이지만, n 형 TGC 의 개발은 여전히 제한적인 실정입니다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산화환원 활성과 열감응성의 시너지 효과를 활용한 고성능 n 형 열갈바닉 고분자의 설계를 제안합니다. 우리는 폴리(N-이소프로필아크릴아미드-co-페로센 아크릴레이트)(p(NIPAM-co-FcA))를 합성하였으며, 이는 페로센 기의 산화환원 유도 엔트로피 변화와 PNIPAM 구간이 LCST(하한 임계 용해 온도) 근처에서 보이는 온도 의존적 구조 전이에 의한 엔트로피 기여를 결합하여 높은 열전력(Se)을 발현하도록 설계되었습니다. P(NIPAM-co-FcA)는 순수 페로센(0.21 mV/K)과 비교하여 PNIPAM의 추가적인 엔트로피 기여 덕분에 3.64 mV/K로 크게 향상된 열전력을 보였으며, 이는 기존에 보고된 다른 n 형 산화환원계들을 능가하는 수치입니다. 이러한 결과는 산화환원 활성 열감응성 고분자가 열갈바닉 셀의 성능을 획기적으로 개선할 잠재력을 지니고 있음을 보여주며, 저등급 폐열 회수 기술의 발전을 위한 길을 열어줍니다.