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동의어 포함
Title Page 2
Contents 5
Abstract 10
1. Introduction 12
2. Materials and methods 14
2.1. Materials 14
2.2. Hydrolysis mediated by Enzymes 14
2.2.1. Hydrolysis of milk polar lipids using PLA₂ 14
2.2.2. Quantification of free fatty acids 14
2.2.3. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR) 15
2.3. Analysis of emulsifying properties of dairy emulsion 15
2.3.1. Preparation of dairy emulsion 15
2.3.2. Particle size 16
2.3.3. Viscosity 16
2.3.4. Emulsion stability 16
2.3.5. Quantitative and compositional analysis of interfacial proteins 17
2.3.6. Microstructure of dairy emulsion 18
2.4. Interaction analysis of milk protein and phospholipids 18
2.4.1. Preparation of milk protein-phospholipids complex 18
2.4.2. Fluorescence spectroscopy 19
2.4.3. Surface hydrophobicity 19
2.4.4. FT-IR 19
2.5. Characterization of ice cream 20
2.5.1. Preparation of ice cream 20
2.5.2. Fat destabilization 22
2.5.3. Overrun 22
2.5.4. Melt rate 22
2.6. Statistical analysis 23
3. Results and discussion 24
3.1. Hydrolysis mediated by enzymes 24
3.2. Emulsifying properties of different concentration of emulsifiers 27
3.3. Emulsifying properties of different pH values of emulsifiers 32
3.3.1. Particle size 32
3.3.2. Displacement capacity of proteins by emulsifiers 36
3.3.3. Emulsion Stability 38
3.3.4. Microstructure of emulsion by CLSM 39
3.4. Protein-phospholipids interaction 43
3.4.1. Fluorescence spectra of milk protein-phospholipids complex 43
3.4.2. Surface hydrophobicity 43
3.4.3. FT-IR 44
3.5. Ice cream application 46
3.5.1. Fat destabilization and partial coalescence 46
3.5.2. Overrun and protein displacement capacity 47
3.5.3. Melt rate 47
3.5.4. Air cell interface image using CLSM 48
4. Conclusion 54
5. References 55
국문 요약 60
Figure 1. Changes in (A) free fatty acids and (B) FT-IR in milk polar lipid solutions modified with MPL... 26
Figure 2. (A) Surface protein fraction, (B) total protein coverage and (C) protein compositions of... 31
Figure 3. Effects of h-MPL on (A) mean particle size, (B) viscosity, (C) creaming index, and (D) separation... 35
Figure 4. Effect of h-MPL on (A) adsorbed protein, (B) total surface protein, (C) SDS-PAGE of cream... 37
Figure 5. Particle size distribution and microstructure of milk protein-stabilized emulsions (A) Image of milk... 42
Figure 6. Structural changes of complex formation between hydrolyzed milk polar lipids and milk proteins (A)... 45
Figure 7. Evaluation of ice cream quality by type of emulsifier (A) Proportion of fat globule≥4µm, (B)... 50
Figure 8. (A) Adsorbed protein fractions in the ice cream mix and final product as affected by h-MPL,... 51
Figure 9. Fat structure of ice cream using CLSM 52
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