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Title Page 2

Abstract 5

Contents 7

Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction 13

1. Zinc-Ion Batteries 13

2. Solid Electrolyte 15

Chapter Ⅱ. Design Strategy for UV-curable Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Montmorillonite for Metal Batteries 18

1. Introduction 18

2. Experiment 21

2.1. Material synthesis 21

2.2. Material characterization 25

2.3. Electrochemical measurements 27

3. Results and discussion 29

3.1. Electrolyte Composition and Design 29

3.2. Zn²⁺ Transport Behavior and Ionic Properties 35

3.3. Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Electrolyte 48

3.4. Interfacial Stability with Zinc Metal 57

3.5. Electrochemical Performance in Full Cells 63

4. Conclusion 69

Conclusion 71

Reference 73

List of Figures 9

Fig. 2.1. An overview diagram illustrating the step-by-step preparation... 30

Fig. 2.2. Images of the MMT powder (Cloisite 15A): (a) photograph, (b)... 32

Fig. 2.3. (a) Molecular Dynamics simulation of solid-state electrolyte. (b)... 36

Fig. 2.4. (a) EIS results obtained for Zn anode in blocking cell. (b) Ionic... 39

Fig. 2.5. (a) Time-dependent current response during the polarization of a... 41

Fig. 2.6. (a) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the solid-state electrolytes... 45

Fig. 2.7. SEM image of the surface morphologies of the solid-state... 49

Fig. 2.8. Visual representations of solid-state electrolyte films after exposure... 51

Fig. 2.9. (a) Visual documentation of the flexible solid-state electrolyte is... 54

Fig. 2.10. (a) Galvanostatic cycling profiles of Zn||Zn symmetric cells... 58

Fig. 2.11. Surface structure of Zn metal anodes observed by scanning... 61

Fig. 2.12. (a) Comparison of galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) curves... 64

Fig. 2.13. (a) Cyclic voltammetry curves scanned at 0.1 mV s⁻¹ in 0.2-1.8... 67

초록보기

 Zinc metal batteries are emerging as strong candidates to replace lithium-ion systems, primarily due to their excellent safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, the practical implementation of these batteries is hindered by interfacial instability and uncontrolled dendrite formation. To address these challenges, this study introduces a UV-curable gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) system incorporating montmorillonite (MMT) as a functional filler.

The GPE was composed of a PVDF-HFP and ETPTA polymer matrix, with Zn(OTf)₂ as the conducting salt and propylene carbonate as the plasticizer. MMT was introduced to enhance Zn²+ ion selectivity and promote mechanical integrity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that Zn²+ ions preferentially migrate along the negatively charged surfaces of MMT, facilitating directional ion transport. The incorporation of 3 wt% MMT was found to markedly enhance ionic conductivity and facilitate Zn²+ ion transport, as evidenced by electrochemical evaluations.

Structural analyses, including XRD and FTIR, indicated a reduction in crystallinity and enhanced amorphous region, which contributed to improved ion mobility. Mechanical tests demonstrated that MMT also reinforced the tensile strength of the membrane. Furthermore, Zn‖Zn symmetric cells exhibited stable cycling with suppressed voltage polarization, while Zn‖VO₂ full cells showed enhanced capacity retention and rate performance.

These results demonstrate that the integration of MMT into a UV-crosslinked polymer framework effectively stabilizes the Zn-electrolyte interface and enables high-performance zinc metal battery operation. Solid-state zinc energy storage technologies may benefit from the stable and secure operation enabled by the electrolyte system proposed in this work.