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Title Page 2
Abstract 6
Contents 8
1. Introduction 15
2. Materials and methods 19
2.1. Materials and chemicals 19
2.2. ZnCl₂-SPI biochar production 19
2.3. Experiments procedure 20
2.4. Analytical method 21
2.5. Characterization 22
3. Results and Discussions 24
3.1. Acetaminophen removal by ZnCl₂-SPI 24
3.1.1. ACP removal through persulfate activation with ZnCl₂-SPI biochar 24
3.1.2. Effect of parameters on ACP removal efficiency 28
3.1.3. The contribution of ROS according to ACP concentration 34
3.1.4. Transformation of ACP in ZnCl₂-SPI/persulfate process 40
3.1.5. Catalytic performance analysis 45
3.2. Phenol and Benzene type pollutants oxidation by ZnCl₂-SPI 50
3.2.1. Comparison of pollutants removal under SP-biochar/PS system 50
3.2.2. Activation of PS and generation of reactive species 56
3.2.3. Physicochemical characteristics of pollutants 63
3.2.4. The role of oxidation parameters on pollutant degradation 67
4. Conclusion 80
Reference 83
국문 초록 92
Fig. 1. ACP removal by ZnCl₂-SPI adsorption, persulfate, and persulfate activation.... 26
Fig. 2. The correlation between ACP removal by ZnCl₂-SPI/persulfate process and... 27
Fig. 3. The effect of ZnCl₂-SPI dosage on ACP removal. [ACP]=(a) 40 (b) 200 μM,... 31
Fig. 4. The effect of pH change on ACP removal. [ACP]=(a) 40, (b) 200 μM,... 31
Fig. 5. The pHₚzc on ZnCl₂-SPI biochar[이미지참조] 32
Fig. 6. The effect of persulfate concentrations on ACP removal. [ACP]=(a) 40, (b)... 32
Fig. 7. The ACP removal effect of scavenger on persulfate activation using ZnCl₂-... 38
Fig. 8. ROS generation identified with ESR analysis (a) TEMP-¹O₂ (b) DMPO-O₂·⁻[이미지참조] 38
Fig. 9. ESR analysis of ZnCl₂-SPI biochar 39
Fig. 10. Electrochemical performance of ZnCl₂-SPI. (a) I-V curves in ACP 40 μM,... 39
Fig. 11. The reusability experiments comparison of the presence or absence of... 42
Fig. 12. LC-MS of ZnCl₂-SPI/persulfate. (a) MS chromatography (b) MS spectrum... 42
Fig. 13. LC-MS of ZnCl₂-SPI/persulfate. (a) MS chromatography (b) MS spectrum... 43
Fig. 14. LC-MS of ZnCl₂-SPI/persulfate. (a) MS chromatography (b) MS spectrum... 44
Fig. 15. SEM images of ZnCl₂-SPI (a) ZnCl₂-SPI (b) after ZnCl₂-SPI/persulfate... 47
Fig. 16. XRD spectra of ZnCl₂-SPI before and after persulfate activation 48
Fig. 17. The ACP removal in wastewater experiments. [ACP]=(a) 40 μM (b) 200... 48
Fig. 18. Phenolic and benzene-type compound decomposition by the SP-600/PS... 52
Fig. 19. Correlation between phenolic and benzene-type removal by PS activation... 52
Fig. 20. Measured CV curves of pollutants. (a) PeOH (b) 4-CP (c) 4-NP (d) HBA... 53
Fig. 21. Relationship between half-wave potential and k value 55
Fig. 22. Effects of scavengers on removal of phenolic and benzene-type compounds.... 59
Fig. 23. ESR detection for ROS formation in SP-biochar/persulfate system with... 60
Fig. 24. D₂O condition experiments in SP-600/persulfate system. (a) PeOH (b) BA... 60
Fig. 25. Rate constant (k) and contribution of O2·⁻ and ¹O₂ to phenolic and...[이미지참조] 61
Fig. 26. PS consumption of SP-600/PS activation. [Con.]: 50 μM, [Dose]: 0.15 g L⁻¹,... 62
Fig. 27. OCP measurements demonstrating changes in redox potential after the... 66
Fig. 28. Comparison of k values with respect to premixing time. [Con.]: 50 μM,... 66
Fig. 29. Phenolic and benzene-type degradation by PS activation. (a) PeOH (b) 4-... 71
Fig. 30. Adsorption of phenolic and benzene-type compounds. (a) PeOH (b) 4-CP... 72
Fig. 31. N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm of SP-600 73
Fig. 32. Effects of dose on phenolic and benzene-type degradation. (a) PeOH (b) 4-... 75
Fig. 33. Effect of PS concentration on phenolic and benzene-type compound... 76
Fig. 34. Effects of pH on phenolic and benzene-type degradation. (a) PeOH (b) 4-... 77
Fig. 35. pHₚzc of SP-200, 400, and 600[이미지참조] 77
Fig. 36. Effects of coexisting ions on phenolic and benzene-type degradation. (a)... 79
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