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Title Page 2
Contents 5
Abstract 11
1. Introduction 13
2. Materials & Methods 17
2.1. Fish 17
2.2. Cell culture 18
2.3. Virus propagation and titer determination 19
2.4. Identification and cloning of HsTNF-α sequence 20
2.5. Sequence analysis of HsTNF-α 22
2.6. In vivo expression analysis of HsTNF-α 23
2.6.1. Tissue distribution of HsTNF-α mRNA 23
2.6.2. Expression profiles of HsTNF-α after NNV challenge 24
2.7. Construction of the HsTNF-α expression plasmid 26
2.8. Over-expression and purification of rHsTNF-α 27
2.9. SDS-PAGE 29
2.10. Western blotting assay 30
2.11. Cell viability 31
2.12. Preparation of plasmid DNA standards 32
2.13. Evaluation of rHsTNF-α activity 33
2.14. Statistical analysis 34
3. Results 35
3.1. The identification and bioinformatics analysis of HsTNF-α 35
3.2. Analysis of HsTNF-α mRNA expression in different tissues 41
3.3. Expression analysis of HsTNF-α in various tissues with NNV challenge 43
3.4. Production and purification of rHsTNF-α 45
3.5. Cytotoxicity assessment of rHsTNF-α 49
3.6. Antiviral effects of rHsTNF-α in SSN-1 cells 51
3.7. Evaluation of rHsTNF-α induced gene expression 55
4. Discussion 58
5. 국문 초록 65
6. References 67
Figure 1. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences analysis of HsTNF-α. The lowercase... 37
Figure 2. Bioinformatic analysis of HsTNF-α. (A) A schematic view of HsTNF-α pro-... 38
Figure 3. Multiple alignment of HsTNF-α amino acid sequences with other fishes and... 39
Figure 4. Phylogenetic analysis of HsTNF-α sequences and other species of TNFs. The... 40
Figure 5. Tissue distribution of HsTNF-α mRNA of healthy sevenband grouper. The... 42
Figure 6. In vivo mRNA expression profile of HsTNF-α mRNA following challenge... 44
Figure 7. Production of recombinant HsTNF-α (rHsTNF-α) expressed in E. coil at dif-... 46
Figure 8. SDS-PAGE analysis of rHsTNF-α expression under different IPTG concen-... 47
Figure 9. SDS-PAGE (A) and western blot analysis (B) of rHsTNF-α expression and... 48
Figure 10. Cytotoxicity of rHsTNF-α on SSN-1 cells. SSN-1 cells were incubated with... 50
Figure 11. Antiviral effects of rHsTNF-α in SSN-1 cells. SSN-1 cells were pre-treated... 53
Figure 12. Antiviral activity of rHsTNF- α in SSN-1 cells. Cells were pre-treated with... 54
Figure 13. Expression of genes involved in TNF-mediated signaling pathways follow-... 57
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