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Contents

O justice, where art thou : the search for justice for "comfort women" / Bryan Rhie 1

ABSTRACT 1

I. Introduction 1

II. History of "Comfort Women" 2

III. The Search for Justice: Legal History 4

A. Justice in Japanese Courts? 4

B. Justice in United States Courts? 7

C. Justice in International Courts? 11

IV. Analysis: What Now? 12

A. Possible Action from the National Diet of Japan 12

B. Possible Action from the United States 14

C. Possible Action from the International Criminal Court 16

V. Conclusion 20

초록보기

 This paper explores whether any legal options still exist for "comfort women" who were forced into sex labor by the Japanese army during Japan's imperialism. Finding that lawsuits filed in Japan, United States, and international courts have not adequately satisfied the demands of the "comfort women" for an official apology from the Japanese government and compensation for the suffering that they endured at the hands of the Japanese army, this paper will argue that the most favorable option for "comfort women" is filing a lawsuit with the International Criminal Court ("ICC") on the basis of an ongoing harm from Japan's failure to provide a remedy for their crimes against humanity towards "comfort women." While criminal convictions from the ICC will not require the Japanese government to issue a formal government or compensate the few remaining "comfort women," the prospect of international disgrace from such legally binding convictions may be enough to compel the Japanese National Diet to at least issue a formal apology to "comfort women."

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