| 1 |
J.―N. Biraben, Les hommes et la peste en France dans les pays europeens et mediterraneens(Paris, 1975), I, pp. 27-32 |
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| 2 |
Procopius, The Secret History, trans. G. A. Williamson(Penguin Books, 1981), pp. 56-57. |
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| 3 |
THE "JUSTINIANIC" PLAGUE  |
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| 4 |
J.-N. Biraben et J. Le Goff, “La Peste dans le Haut Age,” Annales:Economies, Société, Civilisations, 24(1969), pp. 1484-1510 |
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| 5 |
The Justinianic plague revisited  |
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| 6 |
M. McCormic, “Toward a Molecular History of the Justinianic Pandemic”, in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity:The pandemic of 541-750(Cambridge Uni. Press, 2007), pp. 290-312 |
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| 7 |
L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity:The Pandemic of 541-750, pp. xi-xiv. |
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| 8 |
헨리 지거리스트(황상익 옮김), 문명과 질병 (한길사, 2008), pp. 3-4. |
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| 9 |
Paul the Deacon, History of the Lombards, trans. W. D. Foulke(Philadelphia, 1974), pp. 127-28, 152-53; |
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| 10 |
Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, trans. L. Thorpe, Harmondsworth(UK, 1974), pp. 199-200; |
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| 11 |
Gregory of Tours, Life of the Fathers, trans. E. James(Liverpool, 1985), pp. 39-40. |
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| 12 |
Procopius, The Persian War, ed and trans H. B. Dewing, vol 1(New Yorks, 1940), pp. 451-52. |
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| 13 |
L. K. Little, “Plague in the European Middle Ages”, 西洋中世硏究 (Medieval European Studies), no. 4(2012), p. 189. |
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| 14 |
황상익 편저, 문명과 질병으로 보는 인간의 역사 (한울림, 1998), pp. 108-111. |
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| 15 |
L. K. Little, “Life and Afterlife of the First Plague Pandemic,” in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity, pp. 18-21. |
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| 16 |
Evagrius, “Evagre, Histoire ecclésiastique”, trans. A. J. Festugiere, Byzantion 45(1975), pp. 389-92 |
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| 17 |
P. Sarris, “Bobonic Plague in Byzantium:The Evidence of Non-Literary Sources,” in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity, pp. 120-123 |
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| 18 |
≪한겨레≫ 2010년 11월 1일자 「유럽 중세 대유행 ‘흑사병’ 발원지는 중국」. |
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| 19 |
D. Stathakopoulos, “Crime and Punishment:The Plague in the Byzantine Empire, 541-749” in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity, p. 100 |
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| 20 |
C. E. Rosenberg, Explaining Epidemic and Other Studies in the History of Medicine.(Cambridge, 1992), pp. 294-95 |
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| 21 |
J. N. Hays, “Historian and Epidemics:Simple Question, Complex Answers” in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity, pp. 34-36. |
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| 22 |
Agathias, The Histories. trans. J. P. Frendo(New York, 1975), pp. 175-176. |
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| 23 |
A. J. Stoclet, “Consilia humana, ops divina, superstitio:Seeking Succor and Solace in Times of Plague, with particular Reference to Gaul in the Early Middle Ages,” in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity, pp. 145-147. |
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| 24 |
P. Lemerle, Les plus anciens recueils des Miracles de Saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans, vol. I(Paris, 1979), p. 77. |
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| 25 |
M. Heinzelmann, Gregory of Tours:History and Society in the Sixth Century, trans C. Carroll(Cambridge Uni. Press, 2001), pp. 153-166. |
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| 26 |
Boniface, The Letters of Saint Boniface. trans E. Emerton(New York, 1976), p. 55. |
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| 27 |
R. Horrox(ed. and trans.), Black Death(Manchester, 1994), pp. 111-57. |
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| 28 |
J.-N. Biraben, “Essai sur les réactions des sociétés éprouvées par de grands fléaux épidémiques,” in N. Bulst et R. Delort(ed.), Maladie et société XIIe-XVIIIe siècles(Paris, 1989), p. 372. |
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| 29 |
필립 지글러(한은경 옮김), 흑사병 (한길사, 2003), pp. 109-135 |
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| 30 |
D. Stathakopoulos, “Crime and Punishment:The Plague in the Byzantine Empire, 541-749”, pp. 111-114. |
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| 31 |
Entre Esculape et Marie : Paris, la peste et le pouvoir aùx premiers temps du Moyen Age  |
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| 32 |
A. J. Stoclet, “Entre Esculape et Marie:Paris”, pp. 745-746. |
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| 33 |
L. K. Little, “Life and Afterlife of the First Plague Pandemic,” pp. 28-29. |
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| 34 |
A. Cameron, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395–600(London and New York, 1993), p. 111. |
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| 35 |
Evagrius, The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius, trans E. Walford(New York, 2008), p. 177. |
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| 36 |
J. C. Russel, The control of late ancient and medieval population(Philadelphia, 1985), pp. 111-38. |
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| 37 |
That Earlier Plague  |
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| 38 |
P. Riché, “Problemes de démographie historique du Haut Moyen Age(Ve-VIIIe siecles),” Annales de démographie historique(1966), pp. 47-48 |
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| 39 |
윌리엄 맥닐(허정 옮김), 전염병과 인류의 역사 (한울, 2008), p. 149. |
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| 40 |
P. Contamine, M. Bompaire, S. Lebecq, J-L. Sarrazin, L'économie médiévale(Paris, 2004), pp. 79-80. |
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| 41 |
J. Durliat, "La peste du VIe siecle:Pour un nouvel examen des sources byzantines," in V. Kravari, C. Morrison et J. Lefort, Hommes et richesses dans l’empire byzantin. vol. 1(Paris, 1989-91), pp. 107-119. |
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| 42 |
J. A. S. Evans, The Age of Justinian:The Circumstances of Imperial Power(London and New York, 1996), p. 164. |
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| 43 |
M. Whittow, The Making of Orthodox Byzantium 600-1025(London, 1996), p. 66. |
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| 44 |
C. Foss, "Syrian in Transition, A. D. 550-750." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 51 (1997), pp. 189-270. |
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| 45 |
조르주 뒤비(최생열 옮김), 전사와 농민 (동문선, 1993), pp. 20-22. |
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| 46 |
J. C. Russel, The control of late ancient and medieval population, pp. 111-114. |
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| 47 |
T. H. Hollingsworth, Historical Demography (London, 1969), pp. 365-67. |
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| 48 |
N. J. Pounds, An Economic History of Medieval Europe(London, 1994), p. 144. |
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| 49 |
T. M. Charles-Edwards, Early Irish and Welsh Kingship(Oxford, 1993), p. 473 |
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| 50 |
PLAGUE IN SEVENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND*  |
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| 51 |
Procopius, The Secret History, pp. 274-276. |
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| 52 |
John of Ephesus, Lives of the Eastern Saints, ed. and trans. E. W. Brooks(Paris, 1925), pp. 261-2 |
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| 53 |
M. Kaplan, Les hommes et la terre à Byzance du VIe au XIe sièclesI:propriété et explatation du sol(Paris, 1992), pp. 236-41; |
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| 54 |
P. Sarris, “Bobonic Palgue in Byzantium:The Evidence of Non-Literary Sources,” in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity, pp. 126-129. |
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| 55 |
H. N. Kennedy, “Justiniac Plague in Syria and the Archaeological Evidence” in L. K. Little(ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity, pp. 87-95. |
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| 56 |
M. Whitby, “Recruitment in Roman Armies from Justinian to Herculius,” in A. Cameron(ed.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, III:State, Resources And Armies(Princeton, 1995), p. 63. |
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| 57 |
The Barbarians in Justinian's Armies  |
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| 58 |
RECRUITMENT SHORTAGES IN SIXTH-CENTURY BYZANTIUM  |
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| 59 |
A. H. M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire, 284-602, vol 1(Baltimore, 1964), p. 304. |
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| 60 |
W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society(Stanford, 1997), p. 277. |
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| 61 |
Plague in Early Islamic History  |
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| 62 |
C. Picard, “Preface à la nouvelle édition,” dans H. Pirenne, Mahomet et Charlemagne(PUF, 2005), p. xxxvii. |
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| 63 |
M. Bloch, Les Rois thaumaturges(Paris, 1983), pp. 41-42 |
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