국내 대기환경기준 및 대기오염도 변천과 향후 과제 = Historical changes of air quality standards and air pollution of Korea, and challenges for their improvements / 김경찬 ; 이춘상 ; 최다영 ; 주흥수 ; 홍유덕 ; 김성태 ; 이강웅 ; 박진수 ; 박정민 ; 한진석 1
Abstract 1
1. 서론 1
2. 대기환경기준의 변천 2
2.1. 미국 대기환경기준의 변천 2
2.2. 영국 및 유럽연합 대기환경기준의 변천 3
2.3. 세계보건기구(WHO) 권고기준의 변천 3
2.4. 우리나라 대기환경기준의 변천 3
3. 대기환경정책의 수립과 변천 5
3.1. 사업장 배출허용기준 7
3.2. 연료 정책 9
3.3. 자동차 관련 규제 10
3.4. 대기환경정책의 효과 평가 11
4. 대기오염도 변화 13
4.1. 전국 대기오염도의 변화 13
4.2. 전국 대기오염도 분포 13
5. 대기환경기준 달성 여부 15
5.1. 대기환경기준 달성 현황 15
5.2. 대기환경기준 미달성 지역의 노출인구 16
6. 체계적 기준 설정을 위한 향후 과제 16
6.1. 해외 국가의 기준 설정 사례 16
6.2. 국가 대기환경기준 개정을 위한 향후 과제 20
7. 요약 20
References 21
Authors Information 23
초록보기
Korea’s Ambient Air Quality Standard (KAAQS) was initially established in 1978, for sulfur dioxide (SO2). Since then, KAAQS has undergone seven revisions. As of 2018, criteria air pollutants have expanded to include seven more species: NO2, CO, O3, PM10, PM2.5, Pb, and Benzene. After the Korean government formulated comprehensive short- and long-term air quality standards, and subsequently established a comprehensive air quality monitoring network in 1993. From 2007 onwards, KAAQS has functioned as an administrative goal, counting diverse considerations like current air quality status with non-attainment areas, incorporation of human health risks, and effectiveness of regulatory enforcement. To attain the standards and enhance national air quality, the Korean government has implemented a range of policies. These encompass emission standards for industries and automobiles, fuel usage regulations, emission charges for air pollutants, designations of special measures areas for air pollution, regulation of total emission quantity, and more. These initiatives led to significant reductions in atmospheric SO2, CO, TSP, PM10, and Pb from the 1980s to the 1990s. Furthermore, enhanced vehicle emission controls contributed to notable improvements in NOx, PM10, and benzene levels since 2000. However, challenges remain in reducing levels of PM2.5 and O3. For further advancements in Korea’s air quality, additional measures are crucial: i) The accumulation of up-to-date scientific evidence directly relevant to human health, ii) Regular evaluations of the effectiveness of various regulatory policies, iii) Establishing a systematic framework for periodic revision and assessment of KAAQS.