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Background: The neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 is indeed one of the current research hotspots.

However, its limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier results in low distribution within the brain. Thus, themechanism through which ginsenoside Rg1 affects the central nervous system needs further examination.

Methods: The LC-MS/MS analysis was used to detect the Kyn level. The expression of kynurenine aminotransferase2 (KAT2) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) were investigated by qRT-PCR and western blottinganalysis. The interaction between the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α) and peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) was explored by Co-IP assay. The HNF4α binding sitesin the KAT2 and KMO genes were analyzed by ChIP. In addition, we specifically knocked down HNF4α in theliver of mice by injecting adeno-associated virus into the tail vein.

Results: Ginsenoside Rg1 upregulated the expression of KAT2 and KMO, thereby increasing the metabolism ofKyn in the liver. Further exploring its mechanism, we discovered that ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expressionof KAT2 and KMO by promoting the interaction between the transcription factor HNF4α and PGC1α. HepaticHNF4α knockdown abolished the antidepressant effects induced by ginsenoside Rg1.

Conclusion: Our findings reveal a novel mechanism in which ginsenoside Rg1 upregulates KAT2 and KMOthrough the HNF4α/PGC1α pathway, reducing hepatic Kyn levels and subsequently alleviating depression.

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기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 목차
Antiviral potential of ginseng : targeting human pathogenic viruses with compounds derived from ginseng Chen Huo, Jihye Baek, Ki Hyun Kim p. 105-117
(A) narrative review of Panax notoginseng : unique saponins and their pharmacological activities Wenbiao Li, Hailian Shi, Xiaojun Wu p. 118-133
Total saponins from Panax Japonicus regulate the ferritin heavy chain to reduce inflammation in aging adipose tissue by mediating iron metabolism Leiqi Zhu, Jihong Zhang, Yaqi Hu, Yifan Zhang, Shuwen Wang, Rui Wang, Qi Yuan, Yiyang Luo, Ding Yuan, Yumin He, Chengfu Yuan p. 134-144
Synergistic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and peroxiredoxin 6 in enhancing myocardial injury treatment through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms Runhong Mu, Yupeng Li, Yunhe Cui, Chuanbo Feng, Tingyu Li, Tengda Liu, Mingzhu Chang, Xiao Guo, Xingcheng Yi p. 145-155
Rare ginsenosides transformed from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng reverse obesity by promoting browning of white fat through PKA/CREB pathway via REGγ negative regulation Jianbo Chen, Jiyue Sha, Xiaohui Huo, Zhiman Li, Di Qu, Xueqing Li, Meijia Li p. 156-165
Korean red ginseng relieves the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 Hyeon Jin Kim, Yena Oh, Sohee Moon, Jieun Oh, Ji Hye Kim, Seung Ho Lee, Sun Hee Hyun, Ji Hye Park, Hun-kun Ko, Jaehyeon Hwang, Han Gyung Kim, Dae-Hyuk Kweon, Jae Youl Cho p. 166-178
Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts antidepressant effect by regulating hepatic kynurenine metabolism through promoting the interaction between HNF4α and PGC1α Keke Jia, Shuman Pan, Wenyuan Wu, Yiming Sun, Qingyu Zhang p. 179-188
Korean red ginseng-induced astrocytic HIF-1α : a key regulator of neuroglobin derived from neural stem cell differentiation in physiologic retina and brain Sunhong Moon, Jinseo Park, Sueun Kim, Minsu Kim, Hui Su Jeon, Hyungsu Kim, Young-Myeong Kim, Ji-Yoon Kim, Yoon Kyung Choi p. 189-196
Panax ginseng exerts cardioprotective effect post myocardial infarction by attenuating myocardial fibrosis and inflammation through SIRT1 signaling pathways Honglin Xu, Mingjie Pang, Changlei Hu, Tong Xu, Guanghong Chen, Guoyong Zhang, Xin Han, Yue Hua, Yuting Wu, Jiayi Zhang, Yiming Bi, Bin Liu, Yingchun Zhou p. 197-207
(The) molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 and its octyl ester derivative on antiangiogenesis in cancer treatment : the battle between PI3K and ROS Qi-Rui Hu, Xin-Yi Zhong, Hua Feng, Xu-Chu Li, Zhi-Hong Zhang, Yao Pan, Ting Luo, Ze-Yuan Deng, Fang Chen p. 208-222

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