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Background Granulosa-like cells (GLCs) were differentiated from human endometrium-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (heiPSCs). This study aimed to establish a GLC differentiation protocol as a defined means to produce autologous estradiol (in vitro), highlighting its therapeutic potential as an alternative to conventional menopausal hormone therapy.

Methods Endometrial cells from hysterectomy specimens were reprogrammed into iPSCs using episomal vectors encoding SOX2, OCT4, c-MYC, and KLF4. Differentiation was induced using Activin A and CHIR99021 for mesoderm induction, followed by BMP4, Follistatin, and bFGF. Gene expression, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence were analyzed at each stage. Estradiol production was quantified by ELISA, and its effect on endometrial cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay.

Results Results: The roles of small molecules and growth factors in directing stem cells toward functional chondrocytes are also discussed. Additionally, we briefly examine the emerging integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cartilage tissue engineering. AI applications such as predicting differentiation outcomes, monitoring chondrogenic progression in real-time, and identifying small-molecule enhancers are poised to accelerate discovery and standardization in the field.

Conclusion GLCs expressing the key markers and capable of E2 production were successfully derived from heiPSCs, which may be developed as a novel source for menopausal hormone therapy.

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기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 목차
Clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy in neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative conditions : a comparative review Jun Beom Ku, Ray J. Pak, Sarah S. Ku, Robert D. Holland, Han-Soo Kim p. 1051-1066
Three-dimensional bioprinting and infertility-related female reproductive system diseases : a review of current and future applications Yanyan Liu, Yuanyuan Ma, Lihong Wang, Congmei Liu, Xianghua Huang, Jingkun Zhang p. 1067-1085
Hyaluronic acid-modified N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan-poly (β-aamino[i.e. amino] ester) nanocarriers loaded with miR210 for targeted inhibition of renal fibrosis Qin-ke Lv, Mou-ying Du, Ai-mei Gong, Yong-hua Zhu, Jia-yuan Li, Chun Yao, Jian Zhong p. 1087-1101
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun PCL/GelMA composite scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering Min Ji Hong, Goeun Bae, Won-Gun Koh, Karthika Muthuramalingam, Hyun Jong Lee p. 1103-1118
Mulberry silk worm pupae oil and prussian blue nanoparticle enriched multi-faceted polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber for infectious full thickness skin wound healing Manish Kumar, Dilip Kumar Arya, Salem Salman Almujri, Kumarappan Chidambaram, Prashant Pandey, Anit Kumar, Giriraj Pandey, Akash Sharma, Mohini Chaurasiya, M. Arockia Babu, R. Venkatesh Kumar, Ravi Kr. Gupta, Saurabh Srivastava, P.S. Rajinikanth p. 1119-1140
(A) novel scaffold-free engineered cartilage using combined chondrocyte pellets and sheets in chondrogenic differentiation medium Sopita Wongin-Sangphet, Pinprapha Sribenjarat, Pojchong Chotiyarnwong, Ekasame Vanitcharoenkul, Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat p. 1141-1157
Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived skeletal muscle cell spheroids for treating dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia Yoonji Yum, Juhee Yoon, Yu Hwa Nam, Duk-Hee Kang, Sung-Chul Jung, Saeyoung Park p. 1159-1172
(The) effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on the attenuation of dry eye disease in sjögren syndrome animal model Youngseo Jeon, Soojung Shin, Eun Jeong Cheon, Yongmin Kwon, Jin Uk Beak, Hyun Jung Lee, Jaesung Park, So-Hyang Chung p. 1173-1183
Mycophenolic acid induces osteogenesis in tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells through inhibition of IMPDH and HDAC3 Young Min Choi, Yeseul Jang, Saeseul Choi, Yoon Shin Park, Se-Young Oh, Inho Jo p. 1185-1198
Derivation of granulosa-like cells from human endometrial iPSCs for autologous estradiol production Hyun Kyung Kim, Eun Jung Suh, SiHyun Cho, Young Sik Choi, Sinyoung Kim, Joo Hyun Park p. 1199-1210
Keratin scaffold formulation impacts rhBMP-2 biodistribution and bone regeneration in a rat femur defect model Justin M. Saul, Judy S. Bohnert, Molly O’Brien, Saif Alnuaimi, Troy P. Carnwath, Quinn Dunivan, Douglas W. Coffin, Thomas L. Smith p. 1211-1225
Human nasal olfactory stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improve the repair of rat nerves Maxime Bonnet, Mostafa Seblani, Marie Witters, Tanguy Marqueste, Charlotte Jaloux, Philippe Morando, Patrick Decherchi, François Féron, Gaëlle Guiraudie-Capraz p. 1227-1240

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