Objectives: This study examines key issues and discourse trends surrounding migrant construction workers (MCWs) using social big data, with the aim of deriving policy and educational implications to improve working conditions and social integration. Methods: Text data from Naver and Daum (2021–2024) were analyzed using text mining and network analysis to identify salient themes and their interrelationships. Results: The dominant themes were employment, wages, safety, and education, and network patterns showed strong linkages among these topics, indicating an integrated issue structure in MCW-related discourse. Conclusions: The findings support coordinated policy and institutional strategies that connect labor conditions, safety governance, and educational support to enhance workplace sustainability and foster social integration.