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Cotton is a globally important fiber crop, but many elite cultivars are recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. We developed a callus-mediated plant regeneration protocol for the local G. barbadense L. cultivar Surkhan-106. Sterilized seeds were germinated in vitro, and hypocotyl and cotyledon explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various auxin/cytokinin combinations. Robust callus induction was achieved from hypocotyl explants within 2–3 weeks. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from callus after approximately 12–14 weeks on medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP).

Embryogenic callus was periodically subcultured to prevent browning, and torpedo-stage somatic embryos were matured on hormone-free medium. These embryos germinated into plantlets within 10–15 days on MS medium. The entire regeneration cycle, from seed to plantlet, was completed in about 4–5 months. Hypocotyl explants showed significantly higher callus formation frequency (85%) and regeneration efficiency than cotyledon explants (60%) (ANOVA, p < 0.05). This study establishes the first efficient callus-based regeneration system for Surkhan-106, an important Uzbek cotton variety. The optimized protocol can facilitate rapid clonal propagation and genetic transformation of Surkhan-106 and other recalcitrant cotton cultivars, accelerating breeding programs for improved stress tolerance and yield.

Cotton is a globally important fiber crop, but many elite cultivars are recalcitrant to in vitro regeneration. We developed a callus-mediated plant regeneration protocol for the local G. barbadense L. cultivar Surkhan-106. Sterilized seeds were germinated in vitro, and hypocotyl and cotyledon explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various auxin/cytokinin combinations. Robust callus induction was achieved from hypocotyl explants within 2–3 weeks. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from callus after approximately 12–14 weeks on medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP).

Embryogenic callus was periodically subcultured to prevent browning, and torpedo-stage somatic embryos were matured on hormone-free medium. These embryos germinated into plantlets within 10–15 days on MS medium. The entire regeneration cycle, from seed to plantlet, was completed in about 4–5 months. Hypocotyl explants showed significantly higher callus formation frequency (85%) and regeneration efficiency than cotyledon explants (60%) (ANOVA, p < 0.05). This study establishes the first efficient callus-based regeneration system for Surkhan-106, an important Uzbek cotton variety. The optimized protocol can facilitate rapid clonal propagation and genetic transformation of Surkhan-106 and other recalcitrant cotton cultivars, accelerating breeding programs for improved stress tolerance and yield.

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Machine learning-based heading date QTL detection in rice Seung Young Lee, Jae-Hyuk Han, Hyeok-Jin Bak, Su-Kyung Ha, Hyun-Sook Lee, Gileung Lee, Jae-Ryoung Park, Kyeongmin Kang, Jung-Pil Suh, Mina Jin, Ji-Ung Jeung, Youngjun Mo p. 108-118
Morphological variation of F2 population derived from the cross between Perilla frutescens var. crispa and var. frutescens Tae Hyeon Heo, Hyeon Park, Jungeun Cho, Da Hyeon Lee, Ju Kyong Lee p. 119-130
Profiles of gene expression at different time points under salt-stress in Triticum aestivum L. Yeonjun Sung, Changsoo Kim p. 131-155
(The) flooding tolerances of adzuki bean and its relatives at the vegetative and germination stages Hai Anh Tran, Thi Cuc Nguyen, Hyun Jo, Junbeom Park, Jeong-Dong Lee, Hak Soo Seo, Jong Tae Song p. 156-166
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Molecular characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-edited rice across generations and associated technical challenges in nucleotide editing tracing Yang Qin, Sang Dae Yun, Hye Lin Kim, Je Yeon Choi, Myung-Ho Lim, Sung Aeong Oh, Soon Ki Park p. 207-228
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Salicylic acid in cotton plant resistance to biotic and abiotic factors Akmal M. Asrorov, Khurshida A. Ubaydullaeva, Mirzakamol S. Ayubov, Adkham N. Abdullaev, Ziyodullo Bashirkhonov, Sadulla A. Abdullaev, Abduvakhid A. Bolkiev, Feruza I. Babadjanova, Nurkhodja Mukhamedov, Ilyos Hudoynazarov, Karomat Kuldoshova, Bahtiyorjon Abdusattarov, Zabardast T. Buriev p. 265-275
Influence of cold and freezing storage on pre-harvest sprouting evaluation in rice panicle Ye-Ji Lee, Su-Kyung Ha, Hyun-Sook Lee, Kyeongmin Kang, Jae-Ryoung Park, Seung Young Lee, Mina Jin, Jung-Pil Suh, Ji-Ung Jeung, Gileung Lee p. 276-280
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