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The intensifying technological competition between the United States and China has emerged as a defining feature of contemporary international relations, with profound implications for the global governance of emerging technologies. This study examines the fundamental ideological and structural differences between democratic and authoritarian approaches to Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance, analyzing how this competition shapes the formation of international norms, standards, and institutions. Drawing on regime theory and comparative institutional analysis, this research develops a systematic typology that distinguishes democratic AI governance models—characterized by multi-stakeholder participation, rights based regulation, and transparency requirements—from authoritarian models that emphasize state-led development, sovereignty-based regulation, and centralized control. The study employs mixed methods combining qualitative content analysis of policy documents, comparative case studies of multilateral negotiations, and quantitative assessment of governance maturity indicators. Analysis of three critical cases—ISO/IEC AI standardization, UN Global Digital Compact negotiations, and OECD AI Principles development—reveals how ideological differences translate into competing institutional strategies. Findings demonstrate three major structural changes in global AI governance. The first is the shift from consensus-based to contested standard-setting processes, with the United States leveraging traditional technical organizations while China increases participation in alternative forums. The second is the fragmentation of regulatory approaches along democratic authoritarian lines, reflected in divergent emphases on privacy protection versus state sovereignty. The third is the emergence of parallel cooperation mechanisms, as value-based coalitions supplement universal multilateral institutions.

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AI governance in the era of U.S.–China competition : competing visions of democratic vs. authoritarian AI frameworks EunSu Han p. 1-39
Beyond feasibility : implementing a Korea–U.S. reciprocal defense procurement (RDP) agreement—benchmark treaty templates, clause-by-clause review, and legal–institutional impact analysis Jin-woo We, Hong-suk Park p. 41-70
Accelerant-in-chief : Trump’s return and the gradual changes of the global order Nguyen Cong Tung p. 71-90
Between strategic partnership and economic risks : Sino–Russian economic cooperation since the Russo–Ukrainian War in 2022 Eliseeva Mariia, Young Nam Cho p. 91-112
Accounting for Taiwan : from strategic asset to liability in the U.S. geopolitical balance sheet Jianjun Lian p. 113-133

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