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Background: ITS barcoding is the "gold standard" method for fungal identification. However, it is associated with high costs, requires specialized expertise, and entails lengthy turnaround times. MALDI-TOF MS represents a more rapid and lower-cost alternative, but it is generally less sensitive and less specific than ITS barcoding.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and assess MALDI-TOF MS and ITS barcoding for identifying yeast strains isolated from patients and domestic environments.

Methods: A total of 115 yeast strains, including 89 pathogenic and 26 environmental, were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ITS barcoding with phylogenetic analyses. The identification results from the two methods were compared and assessed.

Results: ITS barcoding identified 115 strains, including ascomycetous yeasts (5 Candida species and 9 non-Candida species) and basidiomycetous yeasts (5 species and 1 species complex). In contrast, MALDI-TOF MS identified 74.78% (86/115) of the isolates, with an accuracy of 96.51% (83/86). The MS showed substantial agreement with ITS barcoding (κ = 0.65, p < 0.001) when all isolates were included, and this agreement strengthened (κ = 0.76, p < 0.001) when the analysis was restricted to species represented in the MS database. Furthermore, almost perfect agreement was observed (κ = 0.81, p < 0.001) for common pathogenic Candida species, achieving 100% identification rate and accuracy for C. albicans and C. tropicalis.

Conclusion: ITS barcoding remains the gold standard method for yeast identification. MALDI-TOF MS is a viable option for routine clinical use, but it requires database expansion and technical improvements for uncommon species or species complexes

Background: ITS barcoding is the "gold standard" method for fungal identification. However, it is associated with high costs, requires specialized expertise, and entails lengthy turnaround times. MALDI-TOF MS represents a more rapid and lower-cost alternative, but it is generally less sensitive and less specific than ITS barcoding.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and assess MALDI-TOF MS and ITS barcoding for identifying yeast strains isolated from patients and domestic environments.

Methods: A total of 115 yeast strains, including 89 pathogenic and 26 environmental, were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ITS barcoding with phylogenetic analyses. The identification results from the two methods were compared and assessed.

Results: ITS barcoding identified 115 strains, including ascomycetous yeasts (5 Candida species and 9 non-Candida species) and basidiomycetous yeasts (5 species and 1 species complex). In contrast, MALDI-TOF MS identified 74.78% (86/115) of the isolates, with an accuracy of 96.51% (83/86). The MS showed substantial agreement with ITS barcoding (κ = 0.65, p < 0.001) when all isolates were included, and this agreement strengthened (κ = 0.76, p < 0.001) when the analysis was restricted to species represented in the MS database. Furthermore, almost perfect agreement was observed (κ = 0.81, p < 0.001) for common pathogenic Candida species, achieving 100% identification rate and accuracy for C. albicans and C. tropicalis.

Conclusion: ITS barcoding remains the gold standard method for yeast identification. MALDI-TOF MS is a viable option for routine clinical use, but it requires database expansion and technical improvements for uncommon species or species complexes

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Dermatological challenges in a tropical island nation : a review of clinical experience and public health implications from Fiji Ji Hyun Yi p. 1-7
Bacteriophage and endolysin therapy for skin dysbiosis, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic applications Md Shamsuzzaman, Jungmin Kim p. 8-17
Efficacy of the culture method using a flocked swab and brain-heart infusion liquid broth in fungal keratitis Sooyeong Kim, Ji Ho Park, Kwang Eon Han, Eun Jung Choi, Hyun-Chang Ko, Jung Hyo Ahn, Su-Jin Kim, Seung Min Lee, Sangwoo Moon, Tae-Sik Jang, Ji Eun Lee p. 18-24
Comparative evaluation of MALDI-TOF MS and ITS barcoding for the identification of clinical and environmental yeast isolates Tuan Khoi Tran, Waewta Kuwatjanakul, Lumyai Wonglakorn, Kittipan Samerpitak p. 25-38
Microbiological identification of dermatophilus congolensis in a rare South Korean case of human dermatophilosis Jang-Hoon Yi, Kyung-Deok Park, Hyeong-Won Hong, Ki-Ho Kim, Jung-Ho Yoon p. 39-43
Effect of long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser on normal toenail growth : a single case report Kwangjoon Lee Yongho Jung Jisoo Kim Joonsoo Park p. 44-47
Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis mimicking basal cell carcinoma Jeongwu Seong, Yeona Kim, Jungsoo Lee, Kihyuk Shin, Hoon-Soo Kim, Byungsoo Kim, Moon-Bum Kim, Hyun-Chang Ko p. 48-50

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