표제지

제출문

러시아 위탁연구기관 과제책임자

요약문

ABSTRACT

Contents

목차

제1장 서론 13

제1절 추진배경 13

제2절 사업목적 14

제3절 추진체계 15

제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 16

제1절 조선·해양 분야 16

제2절 광학 분야 17

제3장 연구분야 및 연구기관 선정 19

제1절 연구분야 선정 19

제2절 러시아 위탁연구기관 선정 20

(1) 조선·해양 분야 20

(2) 광학분야 22

제3절 국내전담평가팀 구성 23

제4장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 26

제1절 연구과제 선정 26

(1) 조선·해양 분야 26

(2) 광학 분야 27

제2절 중간보고서 평가 27

(1) 조선·해양 분야 27

(2) 광학 분야 28

제3절 최종보고서 평가 28

1. 조선·해양공학 분야 29

2. 광학 분야 29

제5장 연구개발 결과 활용계획 31

1. 조선·해양공학 분야 31

2. 광학 분야 32

부록 35

부록 1. 중간보고서 평가결과 35

부록 2. 최종보고서 평가내용 88

부록 3. 러시아 연구기관이 제출한 과제제안서 목록 141

vol.2

표제지

목차

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND GENERATION OF DEMONSTRATION SOFTWARE FOR ILLUSTRATION OF FLIGHT BEHAVIOR OF AN AIRCRAFT-TYPE WIG FOR 100 PASSENGERS 152

BASIC NOMENCLATURE 159

INTRODUCTION 163

1. THE OBJECT OF STUDY 165

2. PART 1: WIG SERVICE CONDITIONS WITHOUT WATER CONTACTS 169

2.1. COORDINATE GRIDS 169

2.2. TEST FACILITIES 170

2.2.1. TEST FACILITIES FOR STEADY AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 170

2.2.2. TEST FACILITIES FOR UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 171

2.2.3. TEST FACILITIES FOR STEADY AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AT LARGE ANGLES OF DRIFT 171

2.3. METHODS FOR WIG AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 172

2.3.1. AIR PROPELLER MODELLING 172

2.3.2. JET ENGINE THRUST MODELLING 173

2.3.3. MODEL PROPELLER AND TURBOJET THRUST CALIBRATION 173

2.3.4. PROPULSION SYSTEM THRUST MODELLING 174

2.3.5. TESTS FOR WIG CHARACTERISTICS WITH OPERATING PROPULSION UNITS 174

2.4. WIG AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS WITHOUT BOOST ASSISTANCE 176

2.4.1. GOVERNING KINEMATIC PARAMETERS AND PRESENTATION FORMATS FOR AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 176

2.4.2. WIG VERTICAL-PLANE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 177

2.4.3. WIG HORIZONTAL-PLANE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 178

2.4.4. WIG CHARACTERISTICS UNDER HULL-BORNE CONDITIONS 179

2.5. WIG AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS UNDER BOOST-ASSISTED CONDITIONS 179

2.6. PROPULSION SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 181

2.7. WIG THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLIGHT DYNAMICS MATHEMATICAL MODEL STRUCTURE 181

2.7.1. WIG THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION 181

2.7.2. WIG LONGITUDINAL MOTION 186

2.7.3. WIG LATERAL MOTION 187

2.7.4. WIG AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL MODEL 189

2.8. ADDITION 199

2.8.1. EVALVATION OF STABILITY OF MOTION OF WIG IN A FLIGHT MODE NEAR TO A WATER SURFACE 199

3. PART 2: WIG SERVICE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH WATER CONTACTS 202

3.1. MAJOR SPECIFICS OF WIG HYDROAERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS 202

3.1.1. SPECIFICS OF WIG HYDROAERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS UNDER HULL-BORNE CONDITIONS 202

3.1.2. SPECIFICS OF WIG HYDROAERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS UNDER TAKE-OFF, TOUCH-DOWN AND ROUGH SEA FLIGHT CONDITIONS 205

3.2. THE STRUCTURE OF WIG MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR SERVICE CONDITIONS AS SOCIA TED WITH WATER CONTACTS 217

3.2.1. THE STRUCTURE OF WIG MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR HULL-BORNE CONDITIONS 217

3.2.2. THE STRUCTURE OF WIG MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR TAKE-OFF, TOUCH-DOWN AND ROUGH SEA FLIGHT CONDITIONS 219

3.3. WIG DYNAMICS ANALYSIS RESULTS 221

3.3.1. HULL-BORNE MANEUVERABILITY 221

3.3.2. TAKE-OFF 226

3.3.3. TOUCH-DOWN 231

3.3.4. ROUGH SEA FLIGHT 234

3.4. TIME HISTORIES OF WAVE ORDINATES IN COORDINATES FIXED TO THE VEHICLE 235

3.5. HYDRODYNAMIC DRAG AS A FUNCTION OF WAVE INTENSITY 235

CONCLUSION 237

APPENDIX[내용누락;p.182-183] 240

AN ALGORITHM AND SOFTWARE FOR COMPUTATIONS ON NOISE AND VIBRATION RADIATION OF MARINE MACHINERY CASINGS 452

1. INTRODUCTION 456

2. PART I 459

2.1. Expected phenomena of noise generation in ship compartments (rooms) due to operating machinery with sound isolating casings (SIC) 459

2.2. Choice of a method for noise calculation in ship compartments induced by radiation sic due to its excitation by vibrations at casing connection points to hull structures and incident acoustic pressure at inner casings surface 460

2.3. Peculiarity in application of a multiple channel energy statistical method with nodal points (seam) for calculation of vibrational levels distribution over a sic structure and noise in ship compartments (rooms) 461

2.4. Calculational methods for factors describing the conditions of vibrational energy distribution and dissipation used for total air borne noise calculation in a room 465

2.5. Algorithms development for transfer factors calculation of acoustic energy propagating via population of plane·parallel layers performing SIC walls structure 466

2.6. Development of calculational algorithms for vibrational levels distribution over sic walls thickness due to acoustic energy propagating (A6) 475

2.7. Development of reduction algorithms of a laminated sic walls structure to uniform equivalent plate and determination of vibrating parameters of the plate (A7) 476

2.8. Algorithms development for calculation of radiation loss factors of rectangular plates at resonance frequency (A8) 480

2.9. Development of the algorithm and appropriate software for calculation of vibrational levels in the casing plating with one-wall structure (basic metal plate - layer of vibration damping material — layer of sound absorbing material) using given vibrational levels at casing connection points (A9) 485

3. PART II 498

3.1. The input data list 498

3.2. Algorithms for the software package MAIN 500

3.3. Software for vibration and sound radiation analysis of marine machinery enclosures MAIN.EXE 518

3.4. Data input procedures 521

3.5. Sample computations and experimental studies on the efficiency of sound insulating panels. Test and prediction result comparisons 527

4. CONCLUSIONS 533

5. REFERENCES 534

ANNEXES 535

ANNEX 1 : A1. Descriptions of the MAIN program structures 535

ANNEX 2 : A2. The MAIN program subroutines 538

ANNEX 3 : A3. Input data for the analysis of a typical sound insulating enclosure 541

PRINCIPLES OF SAFETY IN DESIGN AND BASIC CONFIGURATION FOR A FLOATING POWER PLANT 546

SUMMARY 548

INTRODUCTION 549

1. DESIGNS OF FLOATING NPSs 551

2. FNPS POWER-GENERATING UNITS BASIC CONFIGURATIONS 555

3. COMPLETING FNPS WITH RUSSIAN BASIC POWER GENERATING EQUIPMENT 562

3.1. POWER UNIT WITH ELECTRIC CAPACITY ABOUT 75 MW 563

3.2. POWER UNIT WITH ELECTRIC CAPACITY ABOUT 40 MW 565

3.3. POWER UNITS 6 TO 12 MW 566

4. FNPS NUCLEAR AND RADIATION SAFETY 570

4.1. GENERAL 570

4.2. PHYSICAL BARRIERS 571

4.3. SAFETY SYSTEMS 573

4.4. "DEFENCE IN DEPTH" APPROACH 574

4.5. SGP HIGHER SAFETY CONCEPT 575

CONCLUSIONS 581

REFERENCES 582

A SURVEY OF METHODS FOR STRUCTURAL STRENGTH ANALYSIS FOR SHIP DETAILS CONSIDERING MATERIAL PLASTIC DEFORMATION MARGINS 584

1. INTRODUCTION 588

2. SPECIFICS OF PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS IN HULL STRUCTURES 589

2.1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 589

2.1.1. THE PERFECT PLASTICITY NOTION 589

2.1.2. THE MEMBRANE EFFECT. GEOMETRICALLY LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PROBLEMS 589

2.1.3. APPROACHES TO STRENGTH REGULATION FOR STRUCTURES BEARING TRANSVERSE LOADS 590

2.1.4. CONSIDERATION OF LONGITUDINAL FORCES IN CRITICAL LOAD ASSESSMENTS 593

2.2. STRENGTH ANALYSIS METHODS FOR STRUCTURES OF RIGID-PLASTIC MATERIALS IN GEOMETRICALLY LINEAR AND NONLINEAR FORMULATIONS 596

2.2.1. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE LINEAR THEORY OF FINITE DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS 596

2.2.2. CONSIDERATION OF GEOMETRICAL NONLINEARITIES IN DESCRIPTIONS OF POST-YIELD DEFORMATIONS 604

2.2.3. MATERIAL BEHAVIOR IN YIELD HINGES 610

3. PLASTIC DESIGN METHOD DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES AS APPLICABLE TO TASKS COVERED BY THE B-03 PROJECT 620

3.1. PLASTIC DESIGN METHODS FOR MIDDLEBODY BOTTOM GRILLAGE STRENGTH ANALYSIS 620

3.1.1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 620

3.1.2. THE ULTIMATE SURFACE EQUATION FOR ASYMMETRIC T-BEAMS 625

3.1.3. EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THEORETICAL MODELS 633

3.2. PLASTIC DESIGN METHODS DESCRIBING DEFORMATIONS OF STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO INTENSIVE LOCAL LOADS 634

3.3. SCANTLING DESIGN FOR PLATES AND BEAMS SUBJECTED TO WHEELED VEHICLE LOADS 650

3.4. LOAD RECONSTRUCTION FROM PERMANENT SET OF DAMAGED STRUCTURES 652

3.4.1. THE GENERAL APPROACH 652

3.4.2. LOCALLY LOADED PANEL DEFORMATIONS 654

4. CONCLUSIONS 661

REFERENCES 666

FIGURES 669

A SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF AVAILABLE APPROACHES TO STRESS FIELD CALCULATIONS FOR CYLINDER SHELLS UNDER JOINT EFFECTS OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES AND DYNAMIC LOADS 670

INTRODUCTION 675

1. ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL FORCES ON IMMERSED CYLINDER SHELLS DUE TO HIGH-INTENSITY ACOUSTIC PRESSURE WAVES 676

1.1. Fundamentals of general approaches to hydrodynamic forces on shells 676

1.2. Diffraction pressures due to acoustic pressure wave flow past cylinder shells 678

1.3. Radiation pressures due to cylinder shell motions and deformations 681

1.4. Approximate methods for hydrodynamic forces 683

1.5. Integral representation of cylinder shell hydrodynamic forces 690

2. CIRCULAR CYLINDER SHELL STRESS AND STRAIN FIELDS DUE TO UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC PRESSURE WAVES 692

2.1. Infinitely long non-stiffened shells 692

2.2. Structurally orthotropic shells 696

2.3. Shells with elastic stiffeners 697

2.4. Shells with rigid stiffeners 699

2.5. Comparison of theoretical results with available experimental data 701

3. STRESS AND STRAIN FIELDS IN CIRCULAR CYLINDER SHELLS WITH SHAPE IMPERFECTIONS 703

3.1. Fundamentals of general approaches to nonlinear problems of cylinder shell stress and strain fields 703

3.2. Stress and strain fields in cylinder shells with initial shape imperfections immersed in infinite fluid and subjected to uniformly distributed loads 705

3.3. Nonlinear deformations of non-stiffened shells under transverse pressure waves 708

4. THE BASIC COMPUTATION MODEL FOR STRESS AND STRAIN FIELDS IN CIRCULAR CYLINDER SHELLS WITH INITIAL SHAPE IMPERFECTIONS UNDER JOINT EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC PULSE LOADS AND HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES 711

CONCLUSIONS 714

REFERENCES 715

FIGURES 719

AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW ON METHODS OF RADAR CHARACTERISTICS ESTIMATION FOR COMPLEX BODIES NEAR AN UNDERLINE SURFACE 736

INTRODUCTION 739

GLOSSARY 740

1. Reconciliation of basic physical/mathematical models 741

1.1. Accurate methods for diffraction problems 741

1.2. Method of geometrical optics 746

1.3. Method of physical optics 748

1.4. Aperture method 750

1.5. Physical theory of diffraction and boundary wave method 753

1.6. Geometrical theory of diffraction and equivalent currents 755

1.7. RCS calculation of simplistic shapes 760

1.8. Sphere 763

1.9. Disk 766

1.10. Rectangular plate 769

1.11. Cone 772

1.12. Cylinder 775

1.13. Dihedral comer reflector 777

1.14. Trihedral comer reflector 779

1.15. Two-point reflector (dumb-bell) 784

1.16. Polarization and wavelength effect upon radar scattering characteristics 786

2. Analysis of the specific of radar detection near the water surface 791

2.1. Interferention multiplier (propagation factor) 791

2.2. Mirror scattering. Fresnel's formulas for grazing angles 794

2.3. Diffused scattering. The Rayleigh condition 797

2.4. Statistic scattering characteristics. RCS of complex reflectors 799

2.5. 2D- and 3D-distributed reflectors 805

2.6. RCS of reflectors near sea surface 808

2.7. Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a statistical system of reflectors above smooth sea surface 813

2.8. Calculation of scattering patterns and "visibility" of reflectors used for navigation 817

Summary 826

REFERENCES 827

THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATIONS FOR A METHOD OF SHIP TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER MODELLING FOR FULL-SCALE REYNOLDS NUMBERS BY MODEL TANK TESTS WITH POLYMERIC INJECTIONS 830

NOMENCLATURE 839

1. INTRODUCTION 840

2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUNDS OF POLYMER-ASSISTED MODELLING OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER FLOWS 841

3. EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE SUGGESTED FLOW MODELLING METHOD 847

3.1. ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS OBTAINED FROM EXPERIMENTS WITH THE SPECIAL FLOW CHANNEL FACILITY 847

3.2. MODEL BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW MODELLING IN TERMS OF REYNOLDS NUMBERS BY POLYMER INJECTIONS 850

3.3. COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATIONS ON SHIP MODEL RESISTANCE UNDER HULL TANGENTIAL STRESS VARIATIONS 854

3.4. COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATIONS ON SHIP MODEL RESISTANCE AND TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER CHARACTERISTICS IN A TOWING TANK UNIFORMLY FILLED WITH A POLYMER SOLUTION 857

4. PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY OF THE OBTAINED RESULTS 862

5. CONCLUSIONS 863

6. THE PHENOMEN OF DRAG REDUCTION BY THE POLYMER ADDITIVES 864

REFERENCES 866

ANNEX 867

EVALUATION OF A CAVITATION TUNNEL SUITABILITY FOR SHIP ACOUSTIC STUDIES 884

1. INTRODUCTION 886

2. MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION AND FIXTURES FOR ACOUSTIC EVALUATIONS OF CAVITATION TUNNELS 887

3. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR CAVITATION TUNNEL BACKGROUND NOISE AND CASING VIBRATION LEVELS 888

4. BACKGROUND NOISE AND CASING VIBRATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT RESULTS, DATA ANALYSIS 888

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 891

REFERENCES 892

FIGURES 893

A SURVEY OF AND ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF MECHANIC AL IMPEDANCES OF VIBRATION ISOLATION DEVICES 911

SUMMARY 912

INTRODUCTION 918

1. PART I 919

1.1. Equations Derivation for Determination of Vibration in the Systems «Mechanism-Vibroinsulation-Joined Structures» 919

1.1.1. Relation Between the Forces Acting in the Source and the Vibration of Machinery 919

1.1.2. Relation Between the Forces Acting in the Vicinity of the Supports and the Vibration Levels of the Machinery 932

1.1.3. Equations of Harmonic Vibrations of the System made up of the Machine, the Vibration Absorbers and the Foundation 938

1.2. Equations Derivation for Determination of Oscillatory Energy Flows in Systems «Mecbanisai-Vibroinsulation-Joined Structures» 941

1.2.1. The Emission of the Vibration Energy by Operating Machinery to the Supporting and Nonsupporting Links 941

1.2.2. Vibrational Energy Flux in the System Made up of the Machine, the Vibration Absorbing Mounting and the Foundation 947

1.2.3. Effective Mechanical Resistances and Forces 957

1.3. Derivation of Equations for Determination of Forces in «mechanism-vibroinsulation-Joined structures» Systems 963

1.3.3. Determination of power (effective) forces 965

1.4. Definition of the Elements' List for Matrix of Vibroinsulator's Mechanical Impedances, which are Necessary for Theoretical and Experimental Determination of Vibroinsulating Systems' Efficiency, Dynamic Forces and the Flows of Oscillatory Energy 967

2. PART II 969

2.1. Survey and Analysis of Techniques for Estimations of Vibration Isolation System Efficyensi with the Help of Kinematic, Force and Energy Methods 969

2.1.1. Vibration Isolation Estimations 969

2.1.2. INVESTIGATIONS INTO FORCE ATTENUATION EFFECTS IN VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEMS 978

2.2. SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUES OF MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS FOR RESILIENT MOUNTS, COUPLINGS AND PIPE SUSPENSIONS IN WIDE FREQUENCY RANGES 981

2.2.1. MAJOR SPECIFICS OF MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 981

2.2.2. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 984

2.2.3. INPUT AND OUTPUT FORCE MEASUREMENTS 985

2.2.4. INVESTIGATIONS INTO CAPABILITIES OF VIBRATION EXCITATION SYSTEMS FOR ISOLATOR MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS IN WIDE FREQUENCY RANGES 986

2.2.5. DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR AXIAL MECHANICAL IMPEDANCES 988

2.2.6. DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR TRANSVERSE MECHANICAL IMPEDANCES 991

2.2.7. DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR MECHANICAL IMPEDANCES WITHOUT STATIC LOADING 993

2.2.8. INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR AXIAL MECHANICAL IMPEDANCES 995

2.2.9. INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR TRANSVERSE MECHANICAL IMPEDANCES 997

2.2.10. INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF VIBRATION ISOLATOR MECHANICAL IMPEDANCES WITHOUT STATIC LOADING 998

2.2.11. VIBRATION ISOLATOR TORQUE-WISE MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS 1000

CONCLUSIONS 1003

vol.3

표제지

목차

Project #01 : Development of a set of Thermal Shock Resistant Light Filters with Selective Transparency in Visible and Infrared Region of Spectrum 1007

1. Introduction 1007

2. Study of the character of light absorption in transparent glass-ceramic materials. Development of compositions with a minimum light scattering and light absorption 1009

3. Study of the character of formation of the color centers under introduction the transition metal ions into glass-ceramics. Search for ways of obtaining selective light absorption to develop green and red lights filters 1010

4. Development of compositions and heat treatment schedules for preparing green and red glass-ceramic materials for thermal shock resistant light filters 1011

5. Development of composition and heat treatment schedules for preparing blue glass- ceramic materials for thermal shock resistant light filters 1020

6. Search for ways of obtaining selective light absorption to develop light filters with elective absorption in infrared 1023

7. Conclusions 1024

8. References 1024

Project #02 : Development of sol-gel materials technology and manufacturing of filters on a basis of sol-gel Si0₂ 1026

1. Description of the problem being solved in the Project 1026

2. Critical compilation of the most important research devoted to this problem in the world 1027

3. Description and the whys and wherefores of the project proposed 1029

4. The results of researches substantiating the proposed project 1030

5. Utilization of the results obtained 1032

6. Conclusion drawn 1033

7. Literature 1033

Summary 1034

Project #03 : Development of technology for synthesis of glass and glass- ceramics under conditions of high-frequency heating in cooled crucibles 1036

1. Introduction 1036

2. Glass Melting in induction-heating furnaces. Approach and Possibility 1037

3. Design of the Model high-frequency Equipment with Cooled Crucible and melting Temperature up to 2500℃ 1039

4. Development of the Pilot Equipment and technology for Synthesis of glass under Conditions of high-frequency heating in Cooled Crucibles 1042

4.1. Preparation of the glass batch 1042

4.2. The start of the glass batch heating and the preparation of the melt 1042

4.3. Refining and homogenization 1043

4.4. Forming 1044

5. Conclusions 1045

6. Literature 1045

Project #04 : Photoinduced Changes of Glass Structure 1047

PREFACE 1047

1. Introduction 1049

2. Physical background 1050

3. Experimental 1054

4. Experimental Results: Selective Switching in a 1×8 Fibers Coupling due to Presence of Photowritten Gratings 1056

5. Brief Discussion 1058

6. Conclusions and Practical Recommendations 1058

7. References 1059

Project #05 : Non-Linear optical glasses containing crystalline nanostructures 1062

1. Scientific Background of the Project 1062

A. Significance of Overall Problem 1062

B. Related Work Worldwide 1063

C. Related Work at the Institute 1063

2. Scientific Scope ofthe Project 1063

A. Research Objectives 1063

B. Work Plan 1064

C. Results to be Expected 1064

D. Utilization of the Results 1064

3. Experimental Facilities and Equipment 1064

4. Relevant References 1065

Project #06 : Development of High Efficient Glasses with Lasing Wavelength 1.54 microns for Rangefinders, Medicine and Fiber Optical Connection Lines 1066

Abstract 1066

1. Introduction 1066

2. General information on erbium glass lasers 1067

3. Development of erbium glasses 1068

4. Results of generation investigations and applications of erbium lasers on KΓCC-0135/15 and KΓCC-0135/153 glasses 1070

1. The purpose of the investigations 1070

2. The object of the investigations 1070

3. Evaluated parameters 1070

4. The scheme and amount of measurements 1071

5. Results of the tests 1071

5. Application of 1.54 ㎛ radiation in medicine 1073

6. Laser on concentrated ytterbium-erbium glass 1074

7. Conclusion 1075

8. References 1077

Project #08 : Glasses with Enhanced Electro-optical Sensitivity 1098

1. Description of the Problem being solved in the Project, critical compilation of the most important research devoted to the problem in the world 1098

2. Description and the whys and wherefores of the project proposed 1099

3. The result of researches substantiating the proposed projects 1101

4. Exploitabilioty of the results obtained. 1104

5. Conclusions 1105

6. An explanation of any significant departure from the level of activity shown by the Contract, if any. 1105

7. References 1105

SUMMARY 1106

Project #09 : Faraday Isolators on the Basis of New Magnetooptic Glasses 1108

1. Scientific Background of the Project 1108

A. Significance of Overall Problem 1108

B. Related Work Wodd wide 1108

C. Related Wark at the Institute 1109

2. Scientific Scope of the Project 1109

A. Research Objectives 1109

B. Work Plan 1109

C. Results to be Expected 1109

D. Utilization of the Results 1110

7. Experimental Facilities and Equipments 1110

8. Estimated Budget: 3,000 USD 1110

9. Relevant References 1110

Project #10 : Development of the Sapphire Dome Technology 1111

1. Introduction 1112

2. Literature Review of Crystals Sapphire Growth 1113

2.1. Method Czochralski 1114

2.2. Method of gradient furnace (HEM) 1114

2.3. Method of GOI 1115

3. The purpose of work 1115

4. The Contents of work 1115

5. The literature 1116

Project #11 : Developments of Fast Optical LC Shutters and Switching Devices Using the Electrooptical Effects in Ferroelastic Liquid Ciystals 1118

1. Scientific Background of the Project 1118

A. Significance of Overall Problem 1118

B. Related Work World wide (Refs. 1-9) 1119

C. Project Objectives 1120

2. Results of Research Carried out to Substantiate the Project 1121

3. Practical Application of the Project Results 1124

4. Conclusion: Results to be Expected 1127

5. References 1127

Project #12 : Development adaptive neural network for pattern recognition and associative memory on base of optical, liquid crystal, TV and computer technology. Modeling principals and components 1130

1. Description of a problem 1130

2. Description and substantiation of the project 1133

3. The most significant researches in the world 1134

4. Results of researches 1137

5.1. Model NN 1137

5.2. The Neural Model of a Retina 1143

5.3. Dynamics and control ofa competition 1147

5.4. The reversible real-time recording of holograms on the OALCSLM 1151

5. Utilization of the results 1156

6. Conclusions 1157

7. REFERENCES 1158

Project #13 : Investigation of the efficiency of the data storage when using spatial shift selectivity of 3-D hologram 1161

1. Description of the problem being solved in the project, critical compilation of the most important researches devoted to the problem in the world 1161

2. Description and the why and wherefore of the research project proposed 1162

3. The results of the researches substantiating the proposed project Experiments of speckle-shift hologram multiplexing in LiNbO₃ 1164

4. Exploitability of the results obtained 1170

5. Conclusions drawn 1170

6. References 1171

Summary 1172

Project #14 : "Quantum Nano-structures for Photonic Information Processing" 1174

Preliminary Investigation Review(January - December, 1998) 1174

Preface 1174

1. Subject Field 1175

2. Project Summary. Optical Dynamics of Real Quasi-2D Nano-structures and Interface Physics 1176

3. Project description 1178

4. Conclusion 1182

5. Bibliography 1182

Preliminary Investigation Review(January - December, 1998) 1184

Preface 1184

1. Subject Field 1185

2. Project Summary. Optical dynamics of real quasi-2D nanostructures and interface physics 1186

3. Project description 1188

4. Bibliography 1196

Project #15 : "Compact Diode-Pumped Solid State Lasers In The Visible And Infrared Spectral Range" 1199

Introduction 1200

1. Optical materials 1200

2. Goal of work 1201

3. Scope of work 1203

3.1. Spectral-generation studies 1203

3.2. Laser design 1204

3.3. Studies of the diode-pumped lasing on transitions ⁴F3/2 - ⁴I9/2 (911 nm) and ⁴F3/2 - ⁴13/2 (1351 nm)[이미지참조] 1205

3.4. Studies of passive Q-switching of radiation 1205

3.5. Possibility for laser radiation conversion 1206

3.6. 1.067㎛ laser configuration and experimental setup 1206

3.7. Results and discussion 1207

3.8. 1.35㎛ laser configuration and experimental setup 1215

3.9. Results and discussion 1216

4. Technical approach 1217

5. References 1220

Project #16 : Active media for IR and VIS solid state lasers on the basis of rare earth doped double fluoridemonocrystals with direct and upconversion laser diode pumping 1221

1. Scientific Background and Scope of the Project 1221

A. Significance of Overall Problem 1221

B. Related Work Worldwide 1222

2. Scientific Scope of the Project 1223

3. Experimental Results 1224

Conclusion 1237

Relevant References 1237

Project #17 : 1.5 micron Range Q-Switched Diode Pumped Lasers 1240

1. Inroduction 1241

2. Scientific Background 1241

3. Objective 1243

4. Problems being solved in this project 1243

5. Storage and extraction energy efficiency in the erbium phosphate glass active medium 1244

5.1. Efficiency of the energy storage in Yb-Er active medium 1244

5.2. Stored energy extraction in Yb-Er glass 1247

6. Energetics of lasers with "ideal" pumping system 1247

7. Numerical simulation of real pumping systems 1249

7.1. Numerical simulation of real pumping systems. Normalized parameters 1250

7.2. Simple pumping system of active element with rectangular section 1251

7.3. Pumping system with the ray pivoting backward mirror 1253

7.4. Pumping system with rod active element 1255

Pumping Systems with diffuse reflector 1256

Pumping Systems with spectral reflector 1256

8. Thermo-induced stress and optical distortions 1259

9. Results obtained 1259

10. Exploitability of the results obtained 1260

11. Conclusions 1261

12. References 1261

Project Title #18 : Hologram elements for switching and interconnection devices for computers and telecommunications 1263

1. Description of the problem being solved in the project, critical compilation of the most important researches devoted to this problem in the world 1263

2. Description of the research project proposed 1266

3. The results of researches substantiating the proposed project 1268

4. Utilization of the results 1272

5. Conclusions drawn 1272

5. Literature 1273

SUMMARY 1275

Project title #19 : The development and producing of optical element with electro-controlled maximum point for selective reflectance or transmission 1277

1. Description of the problem, solved in the project 1277

2. Description and grounds of the suggested research work 1279

3. Research results, obtained within the project 1282

4. Ways of the obtained results using 1283

5. Conclusions 1283

6. References 1284

Project Title #20 : Improvement of technology and mastering the production of display holograms 1285

1. Related work worldwide 1285

1.1. Types of holograms and methods of their registration 1285

1.2. Silver-halide photomaterials and their processing schemes 1289

1.3. Dichromated gelatin(DCG) 1291

1.4. DuPont photopolymer recording films 1291

2. Objectives and background 1292

7. Utilization of results of researches and conclusions 1302

8. References 1305

Project #21 : Spatial light modulators based on the photoconductor - liquid crystal structure with improved characteristics for coherent optical data processing applications 1307

Abstract 1307

1. Objectives 1308

2. Scientific Background of the Project 1309

2.1. Significance of Overall Problem 1309

2.2. Related Work Worldwide 1310

3. Description of the research project 1316

4. Preliminary results to substantiate the project 1323

5. Utilization of the results 1331

6. Experimental Facilities and Equipment 1339

7. Estimated Budget 1340

8. References 1340

Project #22 : Potassium Magnetometer 1348

FOREWORD 1348

1. Introduction 1348

2. The choice of the main direction of efforts 1349

3. Line width of the potassium magnetic resonance and its ultimate resolution 1356

4. On systematic errors of a "super-magnetometer" 1364

5. On the laser pumping of potassium 1367

6. Conclusion 1369

7. Appendix 1369

8. References 1372

Project #23 : Development of optical fiber temperature and pressure sensors 1374

1. Introduction 1375

2. Analysis fiber sensors and optical phenomena 1375

2.1. Temperature sensors 1375

2.2. Pressure sensor 1376

3. Description and basis of proposal Project 1377

4. Investigation for basis Project 1384

5. Practical ways to utilization results Project 1386

6. Conclusion 1387

7. References 1387

Project Title #24 : "Development of devices (GOGGLES) with local spatial light attenuation of blinding objects, including laser radiation" 1389

1. Scientific Background of the Project 1389

A. Significance of Overall Problem 1389

B. Related Work Worldwide 1390

C. Project Objectives 1390

2. Results of Research Carried out to Substantiate the Project 1391

A. Experimental Facilities and Equipment used for the project 1391

B. General Requirements to the Goggles and Actual Performance Characteristics Obtained 1391

3. Practical Application of the Project Results 1399

4. Conclusion 1399

5. References 1400

Project #25 : Development and Manufacture of the Basic Model of a Flexible Fiber-Optical System for C02 Laser Medicine and Technology 1401

Introduction 1401

I. Analytical Survey 1402

1.1. Glasses for manufacturing medium IR band fibers 1403

1.2. Crystalline materials for fiber manufacture 1404

1.3. Parameters of poly crystalline fibers 1408

1.4. Laser surgery 1409

II. Project Aim and Tasks 1409

III. Conclusion 1411

3.1. Flexible fiber-optical system 1412

3.2. CO₂ laser knife with fiber feed 1413

3.3. Projected effects of employing the fiber feed laser knife 1414

3.4. Working plan calendar 1415

3.5. If the project would be accepted, its estimated cost will be around 50 thousand dollars. Project execution time 1415

IV. References 1415

Project #26 : Creation of the thin fiber optical silica image transmission bundles for medical and technical systems 1418

1. Introduction 1418

2. Literary Review 1419

3. Manufacture of Initial Quartz Fiber Lightguides 1421

4. Quartz Bundles Drawing 1422

5. Optical Characteristics of Bundles 1423

6. Contents of the work under the 1st direction. Research and production of thin regular bundles on the basis of fuse silica SiO₂-GeO₂ fibers 1424

7. Contents of the work under the 2nd direction. Research and production of regular bundles on the basis of fuse silica core and F-doped cladding fibers 1426

8. REFERENCES 1426

Project #27 : Luminescence apparatus and methods for estimation of tissue vitality and early diagnostics of cancer and inflammatory diseases 1427

Project #28 : Ultra narrow band active receiving systems of coherent optical signals based on nonlinear-optical devices 1443

1. Introduction 1444

2. State of the investigation in the world 1445

3. Subject of the proposal 1445

4. Problems 1445

5. Ultra narrow band active receiving system of coherent optical signals based on SRS amplifier 1446

6. Requirements to ultra narrow band active receiving systems of coherent optical signals based on SRS amplification 1448

7. Experimental setup 1451

8. Experimental results 1453

9. Subjects of future proposal 1457

10. Conclusion 1457

11. References 1458

Project #29 : Investigation of home- and heteronuclear dimers of rare gases for generation of CW laser VUV radiation 1459

1. Description of the problem solved in the project, a critical compilation of the literature data 1459

2. Content and background of the project 1460

3. Results of the investigations carried out in support of the project 1465

3.1. Study of a dc discharge 1465

3.2. Study ofa barrier discharge 1476

4. Application of the results of the project 1479

5. Conclusions 1479

6. References 1479

Project #30 : Optical parametric generators of the visible and IR ranges 1482

BACKGROUD 1482

1. The review of works on parametrical generation of light in the middle IR-range 1482

2. Theoretical investigation of OPO 1485

3. Experimental researches OPO 1493

4. Conclusion 1497

5. References 1497

Project #31 : Development of lasers for material processing applications 1501

1. Introduction 1501

2. Scientific Background 1501

3. Objectives 1502

4. The Result of Researches 1503

4.1. High-power lasers for the industrial cutting and drilling 1503

4.2. Laser Welding 1508

4.3. Laser strengthening of the surface 1509

4.4. Laser for dynamic marking 1512

4.5. Laser Micromachining 1514

5. Conclusion 1517

6. References 1517

Project #32 : The development of the technology for fabrication aspheric surfaces including off-axis ones on NC-machines 1520

Abstract 1521

1. Introduction 1523

1.1. Analysis and choice of materials for manufacture of lightweighted mirrors 1525

2. Review of technologies for automatized form-shaping 1528

2.1. Technical equipment for automatized form-shaping 1529

2.2. Technological study of process of precise automatized processing 1530

2.3. Principles of control used in methods of opticalprocessing with X-Y machines 1532

2.4. Experimental and theoretical study of surface form-shaping process. Estimation of control parameters 1535

3. Technology for figuring of optical elements 1537

3.1. Basic principles for creation of controlled technology for figuring 1537

3.2. Optical surface figuring 1538

3.3. Combined use of ax led optical machines and X-Y machines in technological process 1541

4. Structure of software for controlled technology 1543

4.1. Testing, data processing and analysis by contact and interferometric measurements 1544

5. Realization of principles for control over technological process of automized figuring 1546

5.1. Preliminary aspherization of off-axis mirror 1546

5.2. Finishing of aspheric surfaces 1548

6. Bibliography 1549

Summary 1555

Project #33 : Development of a complex technique of surface energy determination of thin films and materials 1556

1. Surface Energy Measurements 1556

2. Absorbed Layer Measurements 1558

3. Film Porosity Measurements 1558

4. Description and Basing Project of Science Investigation 1559

5. Research Results Performed in Basing the Project 1562

6. Absorbed Layer Determination 1564

7. Characterization of Thin Film 1566

8. Direction of Practical Use of the Study Results 1569

9. Conclusion 1570

10. References 1570

Project #34 : Novel diode-pumped solid-state lasers for measurement and control technique, metrology, holography, photolithography, informational applications, and medicine 1574

1. Introduction 1574

2. Scientific Background 1574

3. Objectives 1575

4. The Results of Researches 1576

4.1. Single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) and highly stable lasers 1576

4.2. Low-noise operation of multi-longitudinal-mode laser with intracavity SHG 1584

4.3. Multicomponent longitudinal diode pumping with axial symmetrical pump beams 1585

4.4. TEM00 lasers with multicomponent longitudinal diode pumping[이미지참조] 1589

5. Conclusions 1592

6. References 1592

Project #35 : High speed channel switch for fiber optics and integrated optics transmittance lines 1595

Abstract 1596

1. Introduction 1596

2. Scientific article review 1597

3. Description and basis of the suggested investigation project 1601

4. Results of investigations performed in this project 1602

4.1. Bulk micromodule switches on TeO₂ crystal 1602

4.1.1. Space-division switches 1602

4.1.2. Wavelength-division switches 1603

4.2. Micromodule optical-integrated switches on LiNbO₃ crystal 1603

4.3. Optical-integrated switches on ion-exchanged SiO₂(K⁺, Ag⁺) 1605

4.3.1. Fabrication of ion-exchanged waveguides on SiO₂ glass 1605

4.3.2. Planar AO switches on ion-exchanged SiO₂ glasses 1607

4.3.3. Waveguides channel switches on glass-structures 1609

5. Ways of the practical use of investigation results in the project 1609

6. Conclusions 1609

7. Literature 1610

Project #36 : Development of Capacity-Heating Furnace for Glass Melting 1616

1. Introduction 1616

2. An analysis of the theoretical background for the appplication of the capacitive heating method for melting of glass 1616

3. The estimation of the electric power absorbed by a material placed into a field of highfrequency capacitor 1619

4. An application of the simulation results for melting of the model glass 1622

5. Description of the set-up for melting with capacitive heating method. A procedure of glass melting 1631

6. Conclusions 1632

7. Literature 1632

Project #37 : Manufacturing of quartz ceramics products with needed properties on the base of v-SiO₂ 1633

1. Critical compilation of the most important research devoted to this problem in the world 1633

2. Description and the whys and the wherefores of the project proposed 1636

3. Literature 1637

Project #38 : Segregation of Rare-Eath Ions and Up-Conversion of Radiation in Low-honon Energy Glasses and Glass-Ceramics 1639

1. Description of the Problem being solved in the Project, critical compilation of the most important research devoted to the problem in the world 1639

2. Description and the whys and wherefores of the project proposed 1640

3. The results of researchers substantiating the proposed projects 1641

4. Exploitabilioty of the results obtained 1648

5. Conclusions 1649

6. An explanation of any significant departure from the level of activity shown by the Contract, if any 1649

7. References 1650

8. Summary 1651

Project #39 : Tellurite glasses with high refractive index 1652

1. Introduction 1652

2. Literature review 1653

2.1. Glass formation, phase equilibrium and optical constants of glasses 1653

2.2. Spectral properties and luminescence 1655

2.3. Acoustic-optic properties 1656

2.4. Properties of semiconductor and low fusible glasses 1656

3. The goals of work 1657

4. Experimental Methods 1657

4.1. Glass synthesis 1657

4.2. Physical-chemical properties measurement 1658

4.4. Method of measuring crystalline phase 1659

4.5. Method of measuring the Verdet's Constant 1659

5. Content of work 1660

6. Application of Tellurite Glasses 1663

7. Conclusion 1664

8. References 1664

Project #40 : All-Russian Scientific Center "S.I.Vaviiov State Optical Institute" Optical Materials Divsion Nonlinear Optics Laboratory 1668

1.Introduction 1668

2. Optical Switching- Main Definitions 1669

3. Types of Soliton and Switching Behaviour in Fibers and Waveguides 1670

4. Experimental Switching Procedure: Possible Solutions 1671

5. Applications 1672

6. Reference 1673

RESEACH AND DEVEWPMENT PROPOSAL No. 40. Switching in Waveguides: Mechanisms and Applications. Systems with Low Nonlinearity : A Final Report 1675

Introduction 1675

1. Modern Silica-Based Couplers 1677

1.1. Part1.A. Dual-core Fiber Coupler 1677

1.1.1. Main Definitions 1678

1.1.2. Theoretical Descriptions 1679

1.1.3. Improved Switching: Asymmetric Solitons and Couplers 1681

1.1.4. Applications 1684

1.2. Part2. A Fused Fiber Coupler 1685

1.3. Part3. Polarization-Maintaining Switching 1688

1.3.1. Polarization Instability 1688

1.3.2. Polarization Dynamics 1692

1.3.3. Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror Systems 1694

1.3.4. Applications 1697

1.4. Part4. Optical Switching in Periodic Structures 1698

1.4.1. Fiber Gratings 1698

1.4.2. Planar Grating-contained Systems 1701

1.4.3. Case 1. A photoinduced grating in a planar waveguide 1701

1.4.4. Case 2. Grating reflection coupler 1703

1.5. Part5. Optical Bistability Effects 1704

2. Conclusions 1705

3. Summary 1706

4. References 1706

Project #41 : Eye-safe laser-Range finder 1714

1. Introduction 1715

2. Atmosphere transmission within 1.0....3.0 ㎛ spectral range 1715

3. Laser action upon vision organs 1717

4. Range finder structural Scheme 1718

5. Energetic calculations and optimising of range finder's parameters 1720

6. Calculation of safe distance for 1.0 - 2.2 ㎛ range 1722

7. Laser rangefmder optical scheme 1722

8. Eye-safelasers review 1723

9. Results of eye-safe KGW -based laser's mockup study 1726

10. 1.54㎛ Q-switch laser mockup studies 1727

11. 2.06㎛ Q-switch laser mockup studies 1728

12. Laser pumping scheme 1729

13. Photo-detector and requirements to photo-receiver parameters 1729

14. Photo-detector for 1.5 ㎛ spectral range 1730

14. Photo-detector for 2,1 ㎛ spectral range 1730

15. State of the art on PD for spectral range up to 2.4-2.5 ㎛ 1733

16. Time Interval Meter (TIM) 1734

17. Laser range finder's design and configuration 1735

18. Proposals on eye-safe laser range finders industrial samples development 1736

19. Conclusion 1736

20. References 1737

Project #42 : Development of Holographic Filter to protect eyes from Laser Beam 1740

Introduction 1740

1. The Main Special Features of the Holographic Technology for Notch Filter's and Spectacle's Producing 1741

2. State of the Spectacle with the Holographic Structures Against Laser's Radiation Working Out(review) 1744

3. State of the Work SOl in Field of Notch Filters and Spectacle Glasses Creating 1747

3.1. Materials For The Volume Holographic Diffraction Gratings Recording 1747

3.2. Schemes for the holographic reflective protective structure recording 1752

3.3. Examples of Hoe Working Out and Producing At SOl 1754

Conclusion 1757

References 1759

RESEACH AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL No. 43 1761

1. Contracting Institute 1761

2. Subject Field 1761

3. Project Title 1761

4. Project Personnel 1761

5. Scientific Background of the Project 1761

A. Significance of Overall Problem 1761

B. Related Work Worldwide 1762

6. Scientific Scope of the Project 1783

A. Research Objectives 1783

B. Work Plan 1783

C. Results to be Expected 1784

D. Utilization of the Results 1784

7. Experimental Facilities and Equipments (used for project) 1784

8. Conclusion 1785

9. References 1785

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL No. 44 1789

1. Title of the project 1789

2. Title of Department / Institute 1789

3. Chief of Project 1789

4. Scientific Background of the Project 1789

5. Scientific Scope of the Project 1791

6. Description and the Whys and Wherefores of the Research Project Proposed 1791

7. Description of Proposed Science and Technical Decisions 1801

7.1 Membrane YBaCuO bolometer for low-frequency modulated IR-radiation. 1801

7.2 YBaCuO antenna-coupled microbolometers with fast response 1803

7.3. Investigation of 1/fnoise in HTS films on different substrates 1804

8. Work Plans of Full Project in Period 1998 - 2000 years 1804

8.1. Membrane HTS microbolometers 1804

8.2. YBaCuO antenna microbolometers with fast response 1805

9. Results of Researches Substantiating the Proposed Project 1805

9.1. Development of technology for thin ShNJSi membranes by of "bond-and-etch-back" technique 1806

9.2.Technology development of buffer layers for YbaCuO films on Si substrates 1811

9.3. Investigation of noise properties ofHTS bolometers on silicon membrane 1817

9.4. Optimization of YBa2Cu307_x films, post-growth and microstructure technologies for small-size microbolometers. 1824

9.5. Low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) and noise characterization of YBa₂,Cu₃,O₇, films. 1827

9.6. Development and investigation of test antenna HTS microbolometers. 1830

10. Expoitability of the Results Obtained 1839

11. Conclusions 1840

12. References 1840