Fig. 2.2.1 Major schemes for the construction of artificial tidal flats=81,81,1

Fig. 2.2.2 Block diagram for systematic design of artificial tidal flat(WAVE,1998)=83,83,1

Fig. 2.2.3 DELOS project. DELOS's logo(left). High (center) and low tide (right) at one of the DELOS experimental sites,Elmer coast in U.K=90,90,1

Fig. 2.3.1 Estimated reclaimed areas in the Kanghwa and its neighbouring islands based on documentary records=92,92,1

Fig. 2.3.2 Conceptual ebb current patterns pre- (left) and post-construction (right) of the Kaneung Tidal Barrier=94,94,1

Fig. 3.2.1 Study area and location of seawater sampling sites=107,107,1

Fig. 3.2.2 Study area and location of sediment sampling sites(line B)=108,108,1

Fig. 3.2.3 Study area and location of sediment sampling sites(line S)=108,108,1

Fig. 3.2.4 Horizontal distribution of pH in sea surface layer=114,114,1

Fig. 3.2.5 Horizontal distribution of DO% in sea surface layer=115,115,1

Fig. 3.2.6 Horizontal distribution of SS in sea surface layer=116,116,1

Fig. 3.2.7 Horizontal distribution of chlorophyll-a in sea surface layer=118,118,1

Fig. 3.2.8 The relationships of water parameters in sea surface layer(2002. 4)=120,120,1

Fig. 3.2.9 The relationships of water parameters in sea surface layer(2002. 7)=121,121,1

Fig. 3.2.10 The relationships of geochemical compositions in sediments(2002. 2)=128,128,1

Fig. 3.2.11 The relationships of geochemical compositions in sediments(2002. 4)=129,129,1

Fig. 3.2.12 The relationships of geochemical compositions in sediments(2002. 6)=130,130,1

Fig. 3.2.13 The relationships of geochemical compositions in sediments(2002. 8)=131,131,1

Fig. 3.2.14 The relationships of geochemical compositions in sediments(2002. 10)=132,132,1

Fig. 3.2.15 Seasonal variations of organic carbon,IL,COD and COD／IL in line B=133,133,1

Fig. 3.2.16 Concentration variations of COD,TN and TP by column test of sediments=138,138,1

Fig. 3.3.1 The stationmap of the macrobenthic survey in 2002=141,141,1

Fig. 3.3.2 Shematic stationmap for the macrobenthic survey and the sediment analysis around the experiment traps and the reference line T4=142,142,1

Fig. 3.3.3 A map showing the study area and sampling stations for melobenthos=144,144,1

Fig. 3.3.4 Comparison of the number of species occurred in the tidal-flats at the three Transect lines,T2,T3 and T4,between 2001 and 2002=151,151,1

Fig. 3.3.5 Comparison of the Abundance In the tidal-flats at the three Transect lines,T2,T3 and T4,between 2001 and 2002=151,151,1

Fig. 3.3.6 Percentage of the macrofaunal occurrence in the three transect lines at higher taxa level,based on the mean density=154,154,1

Fig. 3.3.7 Percentage of the macrofaunal occurrence in the three transect lines at higher taxa level,based on the species number=154,154,1

Fig. 3.3.8 Companson of the number of species occurred in the tidal-flats at the three Transect lines in August 2002,in terms of the spatial distribution=155,155,1

Fig. 3.3.9 Comparison of the abundance in the tidal-flats at the three Transect lines,in August 2002,in terms of the spatial distribution=155,155,1

Fig. 3.3.10 The relationship of the biomass to the abundance at the three transect lines,T2-T4,in the tidal-flats in 2001 and 2002=156,156,1

Fig. 3.3.11 Dendrogram of the similarity between the survey stations of T2,T3 and T4 in the tidal-flats in August,2002,by Bray-Curtis Cluster Analysis (Single Link)=157,157,1

Fig. 3.3.12 Comparison of the species diversity of the transect lines in the tidal flats in August,2002 (Shannon Index)=158,158,1

Fig. 3.3.13 The comparison of the higher taxa occurred in the subtidal region in 2002,based on the mean density and the number of species=162,162,1

Fig. 3.3.14 The comparison of the abundance to the number of species found in the subtidal stations,in August,2002=164,164,1

Fig. 3.3.15 The percentage of the dominant macrofaunal taxa in the subtidal region,based on the species number=165,165,1

Fig. 3.3.16 The percentage of the dominant macrofaunal taxa in the subtidal region,based on the mean density=165,165,1

Fig. 3.3.17 Comparison of Biomass at the higher taxa level in the subtidal area (August,2002)=166,166,1

Fig. 3.3.18 Relationship of the biomass to the abundance at the subtidal stations (August,2002)=167,167,1

Fig. 3.3.19 Comparison of the species diversity and the eveness of the subtidal stations in August,2002 (Shannon Index)=168,168,1

Fig. 3.3.20 Comparison of the abundance and the number of species occurred in the tidal-flats in August,2001 and 2002=169,169,1

Fig. 3.3.21 Comparison of the species diversity of the transect lines in the tidal flats in August,2001 (Shannon Index)=170,170,1

Fig. 3.3.22a. Dendrogram of the slmilarity between the survey stations in the subtidal zone,in August,2002,by Bray-fortis Cluster Analysis (Single Link)=170,170,1

Fig. 3.3.22b Dendrogram of the similarity between the survey stations in the subtidal zone,in August,2001,by Bray-fortis Cluster Analysis (Single Link)=171,171,1

Fig. 3.3.23 Seasonal comparison of the abundance and the number of species occurred in T5 at the higher taxa level=174,174,1

Fig. 3.3.24 Seasonal comparison of the abundance and the number of species occurred in T6 at the higher taxa level=180,180,1

Fig. 3.3.25 Seasonal comparison of the abundance and the number of species occurred in T7 at the higher taxa level=185,185,1

Fig. 3.3.26 Reticunassa sp.-December,2002=186,186,1

Fig. 3.3.27 Glossaulax didyma didyma-March 2002=186,186,1

Fig. 3.3.28 Cerithideopsilla sp.-September,2002=187,187,1

Fig. 3.3.29 Hemigrapsus penicillauts (De Haan),♂(이미지참조)-June,2002=188,188,1

Fig. 3.3.30 Hemigrapsus penicillauts (De Haan) at burrow aperture=188,188,1

Fig. 3.3.31 Philyra pisum (De Haan)-June,2002=189,189,1

Fig. 3.3.32 Philyra pisum (De Haan)-September,2002=189,189,1

Fig. 3.3.33 Portunus trituberculatus (Miers)-September,2002=190,190,1

Fig. 3.3.34 Egg sags of Bullacta exarata (Philippi) and sediment feces of the polychaetes-September,2002=190,190,1

Fig. 3.3.35 Macrophthalmus dilatatus-September,2002=191,191,1

Fig. 3.3.36 Radial grooves around the burrow aperture of Macrophthalmus dilatatus,2002=191,191,1

Fig. 3.3.37 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in March,2002=193,193,1

Fig. 3.3.38 Showing the sediment conditions in front of the timber fence in June 26,2002,five weeks after the installation of the timber fence=193,193,1

Fig. 3.3.39 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in June,2002=194,194,1

Fig. 3.3.40 Showing the sediment conditions in front of the timber fence in May 24,2002,a week after the installation of the timber fence=194,194,1

Fig. 3.3.41 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in July,2002=195,195,1

Fig. 3.3.42 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in September,2002=195,195,1

Fig. 3.3.43 The percentage of main meiofaunal groups at each stations in May 2002=197,197,5

Fig. 3.3.44 The percentage of main meiofaunal groups at each stations in August 2002=203,203,4

Fig. 3.3.45 The comparison of abundance and composition of meiobenthos at each stations in May,2002=209,209,1

Fig. 3.3.46 The vertical distribution of meiobenthos at each stations in May,2002=211,211,5

Fig. 3.3.47 The comparison of abundance and composition of meiobenthos at each stations in August,2002=216,216,1

Fig. 3.3.48 The vertical distribution of meiobenthos at each stations in August,2002=217,217,4

Fig. 3.4.1 Survey lines for geomorphic observation=228,228,1

Fig. 3.4.2 Observation lines for the sedimentation rate and sediment characteristics in the tidal flat=229,229,1

Fig. 3.4.3 Station map of the surface sediment sampling in offshore=230,230,1

Fig. 3.4.4 Station map of the surface sediment sampling in the tidal flat in October 2000,March and December 2001 and July 2002=231,231,1

Fig. 3.4.5 Two dimensional contour map of the water depth=235,235,1

Fig. 3.4.6 Three dimensional contour map of the water depth=235,235,1

Fig. 3.4.7 Morphology,mean grain size and sediment compositions for the four lines. Observation for Line-A,-B and -C were executed in October 2000 and Line-D in September 2001=237,237,1

Fig. 3.4.8 Morphology,mean grain size and sediment compositions for the three lines in April 2002=239,239,1

Fig. 3.4.9 Change of sedimentation rate in Line-A during October 2000 to June and in Line-D during October 2001 to October 2002=242,242,1

Fig. 3.4.10 Change of sedimentation rate between 0~50 m of Line-D during September 2001 to October 2002=243,243,1

Fig. 3.4.11 Change of sedimentation rate in Line-B during October 2000 to October 2002=245,245,1

Fig. 3.4.12 Change of sedimentation rate in Line-C during October 2000 to October 2002=247,247,1

Fig. 3.4.13 Change of sedimentation rate in Line-1,-2 and -3 during February to October 2002=249,249,1

Fig. 3.4.14 Sedimentary facies of the surface sediment around Iwon seawall=250,250,1

Fig. 3.4.15 Contour maps for mean grain size,sorting,sand and silt content of Iwon tidal flat in October 2000=257,257,1

Fig. 3.4.16 Contour maps for mean grain size,sorting,sand and silt content of Iwon tidal flat in March 2001=258,258,1

Fig. 3.4.17 Contour maps for mean grain slze,sorting,sand and silt content of Iwon tidal flat in December 2001=259,259,1

Fig. 3.4.18 Contour maps for mean grain size,sorting,sand and silt content of Iwon tidal flat in July 2002=260,260,1

Fig. 3.4.19 Change values for mean grain size,sorting,sand and silt content during October 2000 to March 2001=262,262,1

Fig. 3.4.20 Change values for mean grain size,sorting,sand and silt content during March to Becember 2001=263,263,1

Fig. 3.4.21 Change values for mean grain size,sorting,sand and silt content during December 2001 to July 2002=265,265,1

Fig. 3.4.22 Change values for mean grain size,sorting,sand and silt content during October 2000 to July 2002=266,266,1

Fig. 3.4.23 Change of mean grain slze in Line-A October 2000 to August 2001 and in Line-D during September 2001 to October 2002=270,270,1

Fig. 3.4.24 Change of mean grain size in Line-B during October 2000 to October 2002=271,271,1

Fig. 3.4.25 Change of mean grain size In Line-C during October 2000 to October 2002=273,273,1

Fig. 3.4.26 Change of mean grain size in Line-1,-2 and -3 during April 2002 to October 2002=274,274,1

Fig. 3.5.1 Location of study sites=277,277,1

Fig. 3.5.2 Sedimentological processes acting on intertidal flat sediments and observation periods for morphology with respect to tidal level (Whitehouse and Mitchener,1998)=278,278,1

Fig. 3.5.3 Map showing the locations of sampling surface sediments and TIDOS-II bedframe in the Mineopo tidal flat (a) and Beolmal tidal flat in Garolim Bay (b)=280,280,1

Fig. 3.5.4 Profile of Line-lW in the Mineopo tidal flat=281,281,1

Fig. 3.5.5 The TIDOS-II bedframe deployed at the station IM-4 of Mineopo tidal flat in winter 2002=281,281,1

Fig. 3.5.6 Variation of textural parameters and composition of surface sediments along Line-IW on the Mineopo tidal flat=284,284,1

Fig. 3.5.7 Histogram and cumulative curve of frequency distribution of grain size on the Mineopo tldal flat=285,285,1

Fig. 3.5.8 Variation of textural parameters and composition of suface sediments along Line-BM on the Beolmal tidal flat=288,288,1

Fig. 3.5.9 Histogram and cumulative curve of frequency distribution of grain size on the Beolmal tidal flat=289,289,2

Fig. 3.5.10 Tidal elevation during the 1st 2002 measurement at the station IW-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat=292,292,1

Fig. 3.5.11 Time series of hydraulic parameters during the period of 1st 2002 measurement at the station IM-4 of Mineopo Bay:(a) current speed,(b) current direction,(c) U (alongshore) component of current,(d) V (shore-normal) component of current=293,293,1

Fig. 3.5.12 Scatter plot of North and East components of current at the station IW-4 during the 1st measurement=294,294,1

Fig. 3.5.13 Time series of significant wave height (Hs) and period (Ts) during the 1st 2002 measurement at the station IM-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat=296,296,1

Fig. 3.5.14 Tidal elevation during the 2nd 2002 measurement at the station IW-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat=297,297,1

Fig. 3.5.15 Tidal elevation during the 2nd 2002 measurement at the station IW-10 of the Mineopo tidal flat=298,298,1

Fig. 3.5.16 Time series of hydraulic parameters during the period of 2nd 2002 measurement at the station IM-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat:(a) current speed,(b) current direction,(c) U (alongshore) component of current,(d) V (shore-normal) component of current=299,299,1

Fig. 3.5.17 Time series of hydraulic parameters during the period of End 2002 measurement at the station IM-10 of the Mineopo tidal flat:(a) current speed,(b) current direction,(c) U (alongshore) component of current,(d) V (shore-normal) component of current=301,301,1

Fig. 3.5.18 Scatter plot of North and East components of currents at the stations IW-4 (a) and IW-10 during the 2nd measurement in the Mineopo tidal flat=302,302,1

Fig. 3.5.19 Time series of significant wave height (Hs) and period (Ts) during the 2nd measurement at the stations IM-4 ((a),(b)) and IM-10 ((c),(d)) of the Mineopo tidal flat=303,303,1

Fig. 3.5.20 Relationships of significant wave height and period between the stations IW-4 and IW-10 of the Mineopo tidal flat during the 2nd 2002 measurement=304,304,1

Fig. 3.5.21 Tidal elevation during the winter 2002 measurement at the station BM-9 of the Beolmal tidal flat in Garolim Bay=305,305,1

Fig. 3.5.22 Tidal elevation during the winter 2002 measurement at the station BM-14 of the Beolmal tidal flat In Garolim Bay=306,306,1

Fig. 3.5.23 Time series of hydraulic parameters during the winter 2002 measurement at the station BM-9 of the Beolmal tidal flat:(a) current speed,(b) current direction,(c) U (alongshore) component of current,(d) V (shore-normal) component of current=308,308,1

Fig. 3.5.24 Time series of hydraulic parameters during the winter 2002 measurement at the station BM-14 of the Beolmal tidal flat:(a) current speed,(b) current direction,(c) U (alongshore) component of current,(d) V (shore-normal) component of current=309,309,1

Fig. 3.5.25 Scatter plot of North and East components of currents at the stations BM-9 (a) and BM-14 during the winter measurement in the Beolmal tidal flat of Garolim Bay=310,310,1

Fig. 3.5.26 Time series of significant wave height (Hs) and penod (Ts) during the winter measurement at the stations BM-9 ((a),(b)) and BM-14 ((c),(d)) of the Beolmal tidal flat=311,311,1

Fig. 3.5.27 Relationships of significant wave height and period between the stations BM-9 and BM-14 of the Beolmal tidal during the winter 2002 measurement=312,312,1

Fig. 3.5.28 Relationship between output voltage of OBS and suspended sediment concentration in the Mineopo tidal flat=313,313,1

Fig. 3.5.29 Time series of suspended sediment concentration (a),bed elevation change of 200 kHz (b) and 50 kHz (c),and temperature (d) during the 1st measurement at the station IW-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat=314,314,1

Fig. 3.5.30 Time series of suspended sediment concentration (a),bed elevation change of 200 kHz (b) and 50 kHz (c),and temperature (d) during the 2nd measurement at the station IW-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat=316,316,1

Fig. 3.5.31 Time series of suspended sediment concentration (a),bed elevation change of 200 kHz (b) and 50 kHz (c),and temperature (d) during the 2nd measurement at the station IW-10 of the Mineopo tidal flat=317,317,1

Fig. 3.5.32 Time series of turbidity during the winter 2002 measurement at the stations BM-4 and BM-9 on the Beolmal tidal flat in Garolim Bay=319,319,1

Fig. 3.5.33 Time series of suspended sediment concentration (a),bed elevation change of 200 kHz (b) and 50 kHz (c),and temperature (d) during the winter measurement at the station BM-14 of the Beolmal tidal flat in Garolim Bay=320,320,1

Fig. 3.5.34 Calculated sediment model parameters and sediment transport rate derived from hydraulic parameters of the 1st measurement at the station IW-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat:(a) near-bed maximum wave orbital velocity,(b) near-bed wave orbital...=326,326,2

Fig. 3.5.35 Calculated sediment model parameters and sediment transport rate derived from hydraulic parameters of the 2nd measurement at the station IW-4 of the Mineopo tidal flat:(a) near-bed maximum wave orbital velocity,(b) near-bed wave orbital...=330,330,2

Fig. 3.5.36 Calculated sediment model parameters and sediment transport rate derived from hydraulic parameters of the 2nd measurement at the station IW-10 of the Mineopo tidal flat:(a) near-bed maxlmum wave orbital velocity,(b) near-bed wave orbital ampli...=332,332,2

Fig. 3.5.37 Scatter plot of calculated sediment transport rate and total transport mass:(a) IW-4 (April 2002),(b) IW-4(December 2002),(c) IW-10 (December 2002)=334,334,1

Fig. 3.5.38 Calculated sediment model parameters and sediment transport rate derived from hydraulic parameters of the winter 2002 measurement at the station BM-9 of the Beolmal tidal flat in Garolim Bay:(a) near-bed maximum wave orbital velocity,(b) near...=336,336,2

Fig. 3.5.39 Calculated sediment model parameters and sediment transport rate derived from hydraulic parameters of the winter 2002 measurement at the station BM-14 of the Beolmal tidal flat In Garolim Bay:(a) near-bed maxlmum wave orbital velocity,(b) near...=338,338,2

Fig. 3.5.40 Scatter plot of calculated sediment transport rate and total transport mass during the winter 2002 measurement in the Beolmal tidal flat:(a) BM-9,(b) BM-14=340,340,1

Fig. 3.6.1 Location map of the survey lines=344,344,1

Fig. 3.6.2 The schematic diagram showing the layout of the acquisition system=346,346,1

Fig. 3.6.3 A shot gather (a) before and (b) after bandpass filtering. Automatic=348,348,1

Fig. 3.6.4 An example of velocity analysis. (a) CDP gather no. 700 and (b) its velocity spectrum=350,350,1

Fig. 3.6.5 Stack sections with interpretive line drawings. (a) line A-A'and (b) line B-B'The crossing point of two seismic lines is denoted by a solid triangle=352,352,1

Fig. 3.6.6 The photographs and descriptions of the core taken at CDP no. 659 in Fig. 3.6.5=353,353,1

Fig. 3.6.7 (a)-(e). 3.5 kHz profiler record sections of survey lines #1-#5 in Fig. 3.6.1. respectively=354,354,1

Fig. 3.6.8 Bubble pulse record section of survey line L1 in Fig. 3.6.1,respectively=355,355,1

Fig. 3.6.9 (a)-(d). Bubble pulse record sections of survey lines S1-S4 in Fig.3.6.1,respectively=355,355,1

Fig. 3.6.10 Interpretive record sections of (a) Bubble pulse,(b) MCS,and (c) 3.5 KHz profiler along the survey line L1 in Fig. 3.6.1=356,356,1

Fig. 3.6.11 Interpretive record sections of (a) Bubble pulse and (b) MCS along the survey line S1 in Fig 3.6.1=357,357,1

Fig. 3.7.1 Location map of Tide(T) and Current(C1,C2) measurement stations=362,362,1

Fig. 3.7.2 Time series plots of water level at station T=364,364,2

Fig. 3.7.3 Temporal variation in mooring depth,current speed and direction,U and V components of current,salinity and temperature measured at station C1 during Nov. 13-Nov. 22,2001=370,370,1

Fig. 3.7.4 Scatter plot of U and V components of current,histogram of current speed and direction and stick plot at station Cl during Nov. 13-Nov. 22,2001=371,371,1

Fig. 3.7.5 Temporal variation in mooring depth,current speed and direction,U and V components of current,salinity and temperature measured at station C2 during Sep. 25-Oct. 4,2002=372,372,1

Fig. 3.7.6 Scatter plot of U and V components of current,histogram of current speed and direction and stick plot at station C2 during Sep. 25-Oct. 4,2002=373,373,1

Fig. 3.8.1 Location map of wave measurement stations=376,376,1

Fig. 3.8.2 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W1 during December 2001=380,380,1

Fig. 3.8.3 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W1 during January 2002=381,381,1

Fig. 3.8.4 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W1 during February 2002=382,382,1

Fig. 3.8.5 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W1 during March 2002=383,383,1

Fig. 3.8.6 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W1 during April 2002=384,384,1

Fig. 3.8.7 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W2 during October=385,385,1

Fig. 3.8.8 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W2 during November=386,386,1

Fig. 3.8.9 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W2 dunng December 2002=387,387,1

Fig. 3.8.10 Time series of Hs(이미지참조),TH(이미지참조)⅓,and θ(이미지참조) measured at station W2 during January 2003=388,388,1

Fig. 3.8.11 Comparison of and water level variations=389,389,1

Fig. 3.8.12 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P1 during December 2002=390,390,1

Fig. 3.8.13 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P1 during January 2003=391,391,1

Fig. 3.8.14 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P2 during January 2002=393,393,1

Fig. 3.8.15 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P2 during February 2002=394,394,1

Fig. 3.8.16 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P2 during March 2002=395,395,1

Fig. 3.8.17 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P2 during April 2002=396,396,1

Fig. 3.8.18 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P2 during July 2002=396,396,1

Fig. 3.8.19 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P3 during January 2002=397,397,1

Fig. 3.8.20 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P3 during February 2002=398,398,1

Fig. 3.8.21 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P3 during March 2002=399,399,1

Fig. 3.8.22 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P3 during April 2002=400,400,1

Fig. 3.8.23 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P3 during May 2002=401,401,1

Fig. 3.8.24 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during April 2002=402,402,1

Fig. 3.8.25 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during May 2002=403,403,1

Fig. 3.8.26 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during June 2002=404,404,1

Fig. 3.8.27 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during July 2002=405,405,1

Fig. 3.8.28 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during August 2002=406,406,1

Fig. 3.8.29 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during September 2002=407,407,1

Fig. 3.8.30 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during October 2002=408,408,1

Fig. 3.8.31 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during November 2002=409,409,1

Fig. 3.8.32 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during December 2002=410,410,1

Fig. 3.8.33 Time series of Hs(이미지참조) and Tz(이미지참조) measured at station P4 during January 2003=411,411,1

Fig. 3.8.34 Wave height ratios between 51. W1 and Sts. P2,P3=413,413,1

Fig. 3.8.35 Wave height ratios between 51. P1 and Sts. W2,P4=417,417,2

Fig. 3.8.36 Scatter diagram and linear correlation between significant wave heights obtained at stations W1 and P3=426,426,1

Fig. 3.8.37 Scatter diagram and linear correlation between significant wave heights obtained at stations W2 and P1=426,426,1

Fig. 3.8.38 Scatter diagram and linear correlation between significant wave heights obtained at stations P1 and P4=427,427,1

Fig. 3.9.1 Finite difference grids for computational domain=432,432,1

Fig. 3.9.2 Water depth contours for computational domain=433,433,1

Fig. 3.9.3 Wave height ratio contours computed using by wave condition measured at Jan. 21 18H,2002=435,435,1

Fig. 3.9.4 Wave height ratio contours computed using by wave condition measured at Jan. 22 07H,2002=436,436,1

Fig. 3.9.5 Wave height ratio contours computed using by wave condition measured at Jan. 21 20H,2002=437,437,1

Fig. 3.9.6 Wave height ratio contours computed using by wave condition measured at Jan. 22 OOH,2002=438,438,1

Fig. 3.10.1 Measurement sites of the AURY,SPHINX-II and DUVEC=442,442,1

Fig. 3.10.2 Photos showing the deployment of DUVEC around the timber fence=443,443,1

Fig. 3.10.3 Temporal variations of the hydrodynamic parameters,turbidity,signal strength,backscatters and the bed change from benthic SPHINX-II;dotted line and filled circles of (a),(b) and (c) present variables for right vertical axes=446,446,1

Fig. 3.10.4 Temporal variations of the hydrodynamic parameters,turbidity and signal strength from DUVEC; filled circle of (a) presents variable for right vertical axes;line and filled circle of (c) present DVI;dotted line and open circle of (c) present DV2...=447,447,1

Fig. 3.10.5 Correlation between the OBS turbidity of the YS16600=449,449,1

Fig. 3.10.6 Temporal variations of sensing depth,suspended sediments concentration,current speed and direction,temperature and salinity obtained with the AURY at A1 in winter=450,450,1

Fig. 3.10.7 Temporal variations of sensing depth,suspended sediments concentration,current speed and direction,temperature and salinity obtained with the AURY at A2 in winter=450,450,1

Fig. 3.10.8 Correlation between the OBS turbidity and sediment concentration sampled by the Auttles=452,452,1

Fig. 3.10.9 Correlation between the acoustic signal amplitude and sands fraction among sediments concentration sampled by the Auttles=453,453,1

Fig. 3.10.10 Temporal variations of the hydrodynamic parameters,turbidity,signal strength,backscatters and the bed change from benthic SPHINX-II;dotted line and filled circles of (a),(b) and (c) present variables for right vertical axes=454,454,1

Fig. 3.10.11 Piecewised results of the second field campaign of the SPHINX-II;dotted line and filled circles of (a),(b) and (c) present variables for right vertical axes (January 18-21,2002)=455,455,1

Fig. 3.10.12 Piecewised results of the second field campaign of the SPHINX-II;dotted line and filled circles of (a),(b) and (c) present variables for right vertical axes (January 21-24,2002)=456,456,1

Fig. 3.10.13 Piecewised results of the second field campaign of the SPHINX-II;dotted line and filled circles of (a),(b) and (c) present variables for right vertical axes (January 24-27,2002)=457,457,1

Fig. 3.10.14 Scatter Diagrams of speed(upper left),SSC(upper right) and Flux(lower) at the site A2 in winter=459,459,1

Fig. 3.10.15 Directional flux and net transport for specific periods at the site A2 in winter=461,461,1

Fig. 3.10.16 Scatter Diagrams of speed(upper left),SSC(upper right) and Flux(lower) of W-1 period at the site A2 in winter=462,462,1

Fig. 3.10.17 Scatter Diagrams of speed(upper left),SSC(upper right) and Flux(lower) of W-2 period at the site A2 in winter=463,463,1

Fig. 3.10.18 Scatter Diagrams of speed(upper left),SSC(upper right) and Flux(lower) of W-3 penod at the site A2 in winter=464,464,1

Fig. 3.10.19 Scatter Diagrams of speed(upper left),SSC(upper right) and Flux(lower) of W-4 period at the site A2 in winter=465,465,1

Fig. 3.10.20 Temporal vanations of the hydrodynamic parameters,turbidity and signal strength from DUVEC;filled circle of (a) presents variable for right vertical axes;line and filled circle of (c) present DVI;dotted line and open circle of (c) present DV2...=467,467,1

Fig. 4.2.1 Cross-section of timber fence=473,473,1

Fig. 4.2.2 Plan view of timber fence=473,473,1

Fig. 4.2.3 Photos showing sequential construction of the timber fence:driving in timber poles with a vibrator and water jet gun (a) (b),attaching coated iron nets (d),and filling brushwoods=474,474,1

Fig. 4.2.4 Photos showing the repair of the timber fence damaged by a typhoon=475,475,1

Fig. 4.3.1 Station map of surface sediments obtained around a depositional-promotional facility=477,477,1

Fig. 4.3.2 Station map of can cores and push core around timber fence=478,478,1

Fig. 4.3.3 Contour map showing distribution of mean and sorting in April and June=482,482,1

Fig. 4.3.4 Contour map showing distribution of mean and sorting in August and October=482,482,1

Fig. 4.3.5 Bimonthly changes of mean and sorting of surface sediments=484,484,1

Fig. 4.3.6 Bimonthly changes of sediment type of surface sediments=485,485,1

Fig. 4.3.7 Columnar section for photography,X-radiography,composition,textural parameters,water content and shear strength of can cores(Can-01,02 and 03)=492,492,1

Fig. 4.3.8 Columnar section for photography,X-radiography,composition,textural parameters,water content and shear strength of can cores(Can-04,05 and 06)=494,494,1

Fig. 4.3.9 Columnar section for photography,X-radiography,composition,textural parameters,water content and shear strength of can cores(Can-07,08 and 09)=496,496,1

Fig. 4.3.10 Columnar section for photography,X-radiography,composition,textural parameters,water content and shear strength of can cores(Can-10,11 and 12)=499,499,1

Fig. 4.3.11 Columnar section for photography,X-radiography,composition,textural parameters,water content and shear strength of can cores(Can-13,14 and 15)=503,503,1

Fig. 4.3.12 Columnar section for photography,X-radiography,composition,textural parameters,water content and shear strength of push core=504,504,1

Fig. 4.4.1 Outline of cohesive shore process=507,507,1

Fig. 4.4.2 Direct shear device=510,510,1

Fig. 4.4.3 The first sampling site=512,512,1

Fig. 4.4.4 The second sampling site=512,512,1

Fig. 4.4.5 Can core (Φ7cm × H15cm)=512,512,1

Fig. 4.4.6 Soil specimen keeping in refrigerator=512,512,1

Fig. 4.4.7 Consolidation ring (Φ6cm × H2cm)=513,513,1

Fig. 4.4.8 Portable cone penetrometer=513,513,1

Fig. 4.4.9 Automated triaxial testing system=515,515,1

Fig. 4.4.10 Grain size distribution=516,516,1

Fig. 4.4.11 Dry unit weight vs. sampling depth (A-sample)=517,517,1

Fig. 4.4.12 Specimen set up=519,519,1

Fig. 4.4.13 Slip line failure mode(A-sample,triaxial compression test)=520,520,1

Fig. 4.4.14 Barrelling(bulging) failure mode(B-sample,triaxial compression test)=520,520,1

Fig. 4.4.15 Necking failure mode(A-sample & B-sample,triaxial extension test)=521,521,1

Fig. 4.4.16 Triaxial compression test results,A-sample,σ3'＝30kpa=521,521,1

Fig. 4.4.17 Triaxial compression test results,A-sample,σ3'＝50kpa=522,522,1

Fig. 4.4.18 Triaxial compression test results,B-sample,σ3'＝30kpa=522,522,1

Fig. 4.4.19 Triaxial compression test results,B-sample,σ3'＝50kpa=523,523,1

Fig. 4.4.20 Triaxial extension test results,A-sample,σ3'＝50kpa=523,523,1

Fig. 4.4.21 Triaxial extension test results,B-sample,σ3'＝50kpa=524,524,1

Fig. 4.4.22 Comparison with triaxial compression test results=524,524,1

Fig. 4.4.23 Comparison with triaxial extension test results=525,525,1

Fig. 4.4.24 Mohr circles of A-sample=526,526,1

Fig. 4.4.25 Mohr circles of B-sample=526,526,1

Fig. 4.4.26 Cyclic test results,A-sample,σ3'＝50kpa,σpeak／valley＝±25kpa=526,526,1

Fig. 4.4.27 Cyclic test results,A-sample,σ3'＝50kpa,σpeak／valley＝±40kpa=527,527,1

Fig. 4.4.28 Cyclic test results,A-sample,σ3'＝50kpa,σpeak／valley＝±60kpa=527,527,1

Fig. 4.4.29 Cyclic test results,B-sample,σ3'＝50kpa,σpeak／valley＝±25kpa=528,528,1

Fig. 4.4.30 Cyclic test results,B-sample,σ3'＝50kpa,σpeak／valley＝±40kpa=528,528,1

Fig. 4.4.31 Cyclic test results,3-sample,σ3'＝50kpa,σpeak／valley＝±60kpa=529,529,1

Fig. 4.5.1 Monitoring points of bed level change observation=530,530,1

Fig. 4.5.2 Bed level change during the Period from Jan. 31,2002 to May 12,2002=532,532,1

Fig. 4.5.3 Bed level change during the period from June 1,2002 to SeP. 29,2002=532,532,1

Fig. 4.5.4 Bed level change during the period from Oct. 3,2002 to Jan. 5,2003=533,533,1

Fig. 4.5.5 Bed level change during the period from May 16,2002 to Jan. 5,2003=533,533,1

Fig. 4.5.6 Bed level change around artificial seaweeds (Jan.-Feb. 2002)=534,534,1

Fig. 4.5.7 Bed level change around artificial seaweeds (March-April 2002)=535,535,1

Fig. 4.5.8 Bed level change around artificial seaweeds (May-June 2002)=536,536,1

Fig. 4.5.9 Bed level change around artificial seaweeds (July-Aug. 2002)=537,537,1

Fig. 4.5.10 Bed level change around artificial seaweeds (Sep.-Oct. 2002)=538,538,1

Fig. 4.5.11 Bed level change around artificial seaweeds (Nov.-Dec. 2002)=539,539,1

Fig. 4.5.12 Bed level change around artificial seaweeds (Jan. 2003)=540,540,1

Fig. 4.5.13 Bed level change around timber fence (May-June 2002)=541,541,1

Fig. 4.5.14 Bed level change around timber fence (July-Aug. 2002)=542,542,1

Fig. 4.5.15 Bed level change around timber fence (Sep.-Oct. 2002)=543,543,1

Fig. 4.5.16 Bed level change around timber fence (Nov-Dec. 2002)=544,544,1

Fig. 4.5.17 Bed level change around timber fence (Jan. 2003)=545,545,1

Fig. 4.6.1 Comparison of the spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos from T5,in terms of the number of species and individuals,and specles diversity=549,549,1

Fig. 4.6.2 Comparison of the spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos from T6,in terms of the number of species and individuals,and species diversity=551,551,1

Fig. 4.6.3 Comparison of the spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos from T7,in terms of the number of species and individuals,and species diversity=553,553,1

Fig. 4.6.4 Seasonal comparison of the biomass from the T4,T5,T6 and T7 in 2002=556,556,1

Fig. 4.6.5 Comparison of the biomass from the T4,T5,T6 and T7 at higher taxa level in 2002=556,556,1

Fig. 4.6.6 Comparison of the spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthic species occurred in the reference and experiment lines in May and August,2002=557,557,1

Fig. 4.6.7 Spatial and temporal comparison of the mean density of macrobenthos in the reference and experiment lines in May and August,2002=558,558,1

Fig. 4.6.8 The comparison of total meiofaunal density at each staion in May and August,2002=561,561,1

Fig. 5.2.1 Reclamation Status of public waters(size)=571,571,1

Fig. 5.4.1 Location of a mitigation wetland site in San Francisco Bay area=579,579,1

Fig. 5.4.2 Size and type of a mitigation wetland site in San Francisco Bay=580,580,1

Fig. 5.4.3 View of Uminokoen in Japan=583,583,1

Fig. 5.4.4 Cautions when collecting shellfish from Uminokoen=585,585,1

Fig. 5.4.5 Decision making process of wetland mitigation in Sweden=589,589,1

Fig. 5.4.6 Aenal photo showing around lake Sihwa=593,593,1

Fig. 5.4.7 Artificial island:resting areas for wildlife=595,595,1

Fig. 5.4.8 Close water:Reed wetland area=595,595,1

Fig. 5.5.1 National basic action plan for wetland mitigation=604,604,1

Fig. 5.6.1 The Structure of a Cost-Benefit Analysis=606,606,1

Fig. 5.6.2 Analysis Terms of artificial tidal flats mitigation programme=607,607,1

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Fig. 2.2.3 DELOS project. DELOS's logo(left). High (center) and low tide (right) at one of the DELOS experimental sites,Elmer coast in U.K=90,90,1

Fig. 3.3.26 Reticunassa sp.-December,2002=186,186,1

Fig. 3.3.27 Glossaulax didyma didyma-March 2002=186,186,1

Fig. 3.3.28 Cerithideopsilla sp.-September,2002=187,187,1

Fig. 3.3.29 Hemigrapsus penicillauts (De Haan),♂(이미지참조)-June,2002=188,188,1

Fig. 3.3.30 Hemigrapsus penicillauts (De Haan) at burrow aperture=188,188,1

Fig. 3.3.31 Philyra pisum (De Haan)-June,2002=189,189,1

Fig. 3.3.32 Philyra pisum (De Haan)-September,2002=189,189,1

Fig. 3.3.33 Portunus trituberculatus (Miers)-September,2002=190,190,1

Fig. 3.3.34 Egg sags of Bullacta exarata (Philippi) and sediment feces of the polychaetes-September,2002=190,190,1

Fig. 3.3.35 Macrophthalmus dilatatus-September,2002=191,191,1

Fig. 3.3.36 Radial grooves around the burrow aperture of Macrophthalmus dilatatus,2002=191,191,1

Fig. 3.3.37 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in March,2002=193,193,1

Fig. 3.3.38 Showing the sediment conditions in front of the timber fence in June 26,2002,five weeks after the installation of the timber fence=193,193,1

Fig. 3.3.39 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in June,2002=194,194,1

Fig. 3.3.40 Showing the sediment conditions in front of the timber fence in May 24,2002,a week after the installation of the timber fence=194,194,1

Fig. 3.3.41 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in July,2002=195,195,1

Fig. 3.3.42 Comparison of the epifaunal conditions in the survey stations of the reference and experiment lines in September,2002=195,195,1

Fig. 3.5.4 Profile of Line-lW in the Mineopo tidal flat=281,281,1

Fig. 3.5.5 The TIDOS-II bedframe deployed at the station IM-4 of Mineopo tidal flat in winter 2002=281,281,1

Fig. 3.6.2 The schematic diagram showing the layout of the acquisition system=346,346,1

Fig. 3.6.11 Interpretive record sections of (a) Bubble pulse and (b) MCS along the survey line S1 in Fig 3.6.1=357,357,1

Fig. 3.10.2 Photos showing the deployment of DUVEC around the timber fence=443,443,1

Fig. 4.2.3 Photos showing sequential construction of the timber fence:driving in timber poles with a vibrator and water jet gun (a) (b),attaching coated iron nets (d),and filling brushwoods=474,474,1

Fig. 4.2.4 Photos showing the repair of the timber fence damaged by a typhoon=475,475,1

Fig. 5.4.1 Location of a mitigation wetland site in San Francisco Bay area=579,579,1

Fig. 5.4.3 View of Uminokoen in Japan=583,583,1

Fig. 5.4.6 Aenal photo showing around lake Sihwa=593,593,1

Fig. 5.4.7 Artificial island:resting areas for wildlife=595,595,1

Fig. 5.4.8 Close water:Reed wetland area=595,595,1