Fig.1-1. Location Of Collection Site Of Taraxacum Numerals In Circle Indicates Number Of Individuals Or Populations Collected. Asterisk Indicates Populations Containing Presumable Hybrids=62,63,1

Fig.1-2. Phylogeny Of 500 Individuals Of Dandelions Based On ITS Sequences=69,70,1

Fig.1-3. Phylogeny Of 500 Individuals Of Dandelions Based On trn T-L-F Sequences=71,72,1

Fig.2-1. Rhizome Of R. Acetosella In Jeju Populations=92,93,1

Fig.2-2. Representative Lower Cauline Leaves Of The Genus Rumex In Korea. A.R. Acetosa;B. R. Acetosella;C. R. Longifolius;D. R. Patientia;E. R. Crispus;F. R. Japonicus;G. R. Obtusifolius;H. R. Nipponicus;I. R. Maritimus;J. Ulleung Island Population=95,96,1

Fig.2-3. Inflorescence And Flower Fascicles Found In The Genus Rumex A. Diagram Of An Imflorescence;B. Scanning Electron Micrograph Of A Flower Fascicle Of R. Crispus;C. Diagram Of A Flower Fascicle Of R. Crispus=99,100,1

Fig.2-4. Representative Flower Of The Genus Rumex. A. Flower Of R. Crispus;B. Floral Diagram=102,103,1

Fig.2-5. Scanning Electron Micrographs Of Achene (A) And Achene Surface (B) Of The Genus Rumex=102,103,1

Fig.2-6. Representative Valves Of The Genus Rumex In Korea. A. R. Acetosa;B. R. Acetosella;C. R. Longifolius;D. R. Patientia;E. R. Crispus;F. R. Japonicus;G. R. Obtusifolius;H. R. Nipponicus;I. R. Maritimus;J. Ulleung Island Population=103,104,1

Fig.2-7. Distribution Of R. Acetosella In Korea=107,108,1

Fig.2-8. Distribution Of R. Crispus In Korea=115,116,1

Fig.2-9. Distribution Of R. Obtusifolius In Korea=121,122,1

Fig.2-10. Distribution Of R. Nipponicus In Korea=123,124,1

Fig.2-11. Distribution Of R. Acetosa In Korea=126,127,1

Fig.2-12. Distribution Of R. Longifolius In Korea=131,132,1

Fig.2-13. Distribution Of R. Patientia In Korea=134,135,1

Fig.2-14. Distribution Of R. Japonicus In Korea=135,136,1

Fig.2-15. Distribution Of R. Maritimus In Korea=143,144,1

Fig.2-16. Organization Of The ITS Regions Of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA. Arrows Indicate Orientation And Approximate Position Of Primer Sites=156,157,1

Fig.2-17. psbA-trnH IGS Region Of Chloroplast DNA And Primers Used For PCR And Sequencing Reaction=157,158,1

Fig.2-18. rbcL-accD IGS Region Of Chloroplast DNA And Primers Used For PCR And Sequencing Reaction=157,158,1

Fig.2-19. Aligned Sequences Of ITS Regions Of Seven Taxa Of The Genus Rumex. See Tables 2-5 And 2-8 For Taxon Acronyms. Dashes(-) Indicate Gaps And Dots(.) Indicate Matched Sequences To The First Taxon=167,168,2

Fig.2-20. Aligned Sequences Of psbA-trnH IGS Region From Nine Korean Taxa Of The Genus Rumex. See Table 2-6 And 2-10 For Taxon Acronyms. Dashes(-) Indicates Gaps And Dots(.) Indicate Matched Sequences To The First Taxon=173,174,1

Fig.2-21. Aligned Sequences Of rbcL-accD IGS Region From Nine Korean Taxa Of The Genus Rumex. See Tables 2-6 And 2-12 For Taxon Acronyms. Dashes(-) Indicates Gaps And Dots(.) Indicate Matched Sequences To The First Taxon=178,179,2

Fig.2-22. Neighbor-Joining Tree From The Combined psbA-trnH And rbcL-accD IGS Sequence Data From Korean Rumex Species. See Table 2-6 For Taxon Acronyms. OFF Indicates Rhmex Officinale;ALE R. Alexandrea=185,186,1

Fig.2-23. Two Hypotheses Proposed For The Pollen Capture In R. Crispus, A. Pollen Of R. Crispus Fertilized A Unknown Taxa With Haplotype 7. B. Pollen Of R. Crispus With Haplotype 7 Fertilized R. Patientia, R. Japonicus, And R. Longifolius=186,187,1

Fig.2-24. Agarose Gel Electrophoretic Patterns Of 10 Haplotypes Founded In Korean Rumex Taxa=190,191,1

Fig.2-25. Distribution Of cpDNA rbcL-accD IGS Haplotypes Of R. Acetosella In 2% Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Stars(*) Indicate Haplotype 4(562 bp PCR Fragment). The Rest Are Haplotype 5(552 bp PCR Fragment)=192,193,2

Fig.2-26. Locations Of 24 R. Acetosella Populations Collected From Korea. Frequency Of Haplotype 4 Is Followed By That Of Haplotype. 5 After A Slash In Each Population=194,195,1

Fig.2-27. UPGMA Phenogram Based On ISSR Analysis Of 200 Rumex Acetosella Samples. Star(*) Indicates The Location Where The Tree Was Broken. Sample Numbers, Population Names, And Chloroplast Haplotype Numbers Are Given=199,200,1

Fig.3-1. Distribution Of Eupatorium Rugosum In Korea=207,208,1

Fig.3-2. External Morphology Of Eupatorium Rugosum=210,211,1

Fig.3-3. Rhizome Type Of Eupatorium Rogosum. Short Rhizomes With Two Aerial Stems, Short Rhizomes With 3 Aerial Stems, And Long Rhizomes=212,213,1

Fig.4-1. Leaf Shape Of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia(A) And A. Trifida(B)=233,234,1

Fig.4-2. Male Head(A) And Flower(B), Female Head Of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia(Right Side)=234,235,1

Fig.4-3. Achene Of A. Artemisiifolia Enclosed By Involucere(A). 5-6 Spines Are Developed As The Schene Matures. Lenth Of Achene Is Ca. 4㎜. About 40-200 Achenes Are Produced From Single Individual=235,236,1

Fig.4-4. Development Of Achene In Ambrosia Tifida. 1-3 Female Flowers Are Enclosed By Involucre. 5-6 Spines Begin To Grow After Fertilization. Note Long Stigma In The Female Flower(Center). Achenes Grow Upto 8 ㎜ And 100-500 Achenes Are Produced From Sing=235,236,1

Fig.4-5. Result Of PCR-RFLP(AluI, HaeIII) For 10 Representative Individuals(Left->Right : Aa25, Aa35, Aa38, Aa40, Aa47, Aa54, Aa58, Aa60, Aa64, Aa69) Of Ambrosia Artemisiifolia In Korea. Monomorphic Patterns Are Evident In Two Different Restriction Enzyme=241,242,1

Fig.4-6. SSR Sequence Data Of Representative Individuals Of Ragweed. Mono-Allelic Pattern Is Evident=242,243,1

Fig.4-7. Aligned ITS Sequences From A. Artemisiifolia And A. Trifida. ITS 1 : 1-263;5.8S : 265-425;ITS 2 : 426-652=246,247,2

Fig.4-8. Types Of ITS Sequences Detected From A. Artemisiifolia(Left) And A. Trifida(Right). Refer Table 4-2 For Detailed Information On The ITS Types=248,249,1

Fig.4-9. Phylogenetic Relationship Of ITS Types Detected From A. Artemisiifolia(A-a) And A. Trifida(A-t). Type 1, 9, 11 Appeared As Most Ancient Types Among The 18 Types Included For The Analyses=249,250,1

Fig.4-10. Distribution Of A. Artemisiifolia ITS Types In Korea=252,253,1

Fig.4-11. UPGMA Tree Of A. Artemisiifolia And A. Trifida Based Of ISSR Data=254,255,1

Fig.5-1. Chemical Structure Of Toxic Tremetone=259,260,1

Fig.5-2. Pollen Picture Of Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia(×100)=261,262,1

Fig.5-3. Diurnal Pollen Deposition Of Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia(grains/㎠/hour)=263,264,1

Fig.5-4. Pollen Deposition Of Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia With Distance(grains/㎠/day)=264,265,1

Fig.5-5. Pollen Deposition Of Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia With Direction(grains/㎠/day)=265,266,1

Fig.5-6. Removal Experiment Sites Of Rumex Acetocella a) Before Removal, b) After Removal=269,270,1

Fig.5-7. Mean Numbers Of Taraxacum Officinale In Fixed Study Sites(Plot Size＝50×50㎝;Con.＝Control Plots, Exp.＝Experimental Plots, n＝10)=272,273,1

Fig.5-8. Relative Cover Of Taraxacum Officinale In Fixed Study Sites(Plot Size＝50×50㎝;Con.＝Control Plots, Exp.＝Experimental Plots, n＝10)=273,274,1

Fig.5-9. Relative Cover Of Rumex Acetocella In Fixed Study Sites(Plot size＝50×50㎝;Con.＝Control Plots, Exp.＝Experimental Plots, n＝10)=274,275,1

Fig.5-10. Numbers Of Eupatorium Rugosum In Fixed Study Sites(Plot size＝1×1m;Con.＝Control Plots, Exp.＝Experimental Plots, n＝10)=276,277,1

Fig.5-11. Relative Cover Of Eupatorium Rugosum In Fixed Study Sites(Plot Size＝1×1m;Con.＝Control Plots, Exp.＝Experimental Plots, n＝10)=276,277,1

Fig.5-12. Numbers of Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia In Fixed Study Sites(Plot Size＝1×1 m;Con.＝Control Plots, Exp.＝Experimental Plots, n＝10)=277,278,1

Fig.5-13. Relative Cover Of Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia In Fixed Study Sites(Plot Size＝1×1m;Con.＝Control Plots, Exp.＝Experimental Plots, n＝10)=278,279,1

Fig.5-14. Species Diversity Index In Control And Removal Sites. a) : Taraxacum Officinale b) : Rumex Acetocella c) : Eupatorium Rugosum d) : Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia=280,281,2

Fig.5-15. Relative Cover Presented By Life Forms. a) : Taraxacum Officinale b) : Rumex Acetocella c) : Eupatorium Rugosum d) : Ambrosia Artemisiaefolia(TO : Taraxacum Officinale, RA : Rumex Acetocella, ER : Eupatorium Rugosum, AA : Ambrosia Artemisiaefoli=283,284,2

Fig.5-16. Allelopathic Experiments With Phenolic Compounds=289,290,1

Fig.5-17. Phenolic Compount Contents In Several Alien Plants(Unit＝㎎/g, Mean±S.E., n＝3) (ER : Eupatorium Rugosum, OO : Oenothera Odorata, EC : Erigeron Canadensis, AA : Ambrosia Aremisiaefolia, EH : Erechtites Hieracifolia, BF : Bidens Frondosa, AP : A=290,291,1

Fig.5-18. Germination Rates Of Tested Plants With Several Phenolic Compound Treatments(Zoysia Sp., Lactuca Sativa, Raphanus Sativus)=294,295,2

Fig.5-19. Root Growth Of Tested Plants With Several Phenolic Compound Treatments=296,297,2

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Fig. 5-15. Relative Cover Presented By Life Forms=283,284,2