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List of Tables=x

List of Figures=xi

Acknowledgements=xii

1. Introduction=1

1.1. An Overview=1

1.2. Conceptual History and Definitions=3

1.3. Outline of the Book=4

Part I. Referendum Theories=9

2. Referendums and the Will of the Majority=11

2.1. Arguments for Majority Rule=11

2.2. Paradoxes of Representation=14

2.3. Intensities of Preferences in Direct and Representative Democracy=17

2.4. Separation of Issues=18

2.5. The Majority Rule and Other Preference-Aggregation Methods=20

2.6. Intransitivity of Majority Rule=21

2.7. Implications for Referendums - Agenda-Manipulation=27

2.8. Conclusions=30

3. Referendums and Theories of Democracy=33

3.1. Families of Theories of Democracy=33

3.2. Rousseau's Theory of Voting=35

3.3. Market and Forum=40

3.4. Representative and Direct Democracy=43

3.5. Democratic Elitism and Classical Theory=47

3.6. Liberal and Participatory Theories of Democracy=49

3.7. The Historical and Philosophical Background of Liberal Theory=51

3.8. Liberal Institutions=54

3.9. Participatory Democracy=58

3.10. Conclusions=62

Part II. Analysis of Institutions=67

4. Referendums and Representative Government=69

4.1. Classification of Issues=69

4.2. Classification of Institutions=70

4.3. Towards a Normative Analysis of the Referendum=78

4.3.1. Referendums and Majoritarian and Consensual Democracy=78

4.3.2. Governmental Control over Referendums=79

4.3.3. Initiative, Referendum and Median Voter Preferences=83

4.4. Ad Hoc and Optional Referendums=87

4.4.1. Reasons for Ad Hoc and Optional Referendums=87

4.4.2. Examples=89

4.5. Mandatory Referendums=93

4.6. Rejective and Abrogative Referendums=96

4.7. Popular Initiative=99

4.7.1. Institutions of Popular Initiative=99

4.7.2. American Direct Democracy: History and Existing Practices=101

4.8. Conclusions=104

5. Referendums in Three Countries=108

5.1. Introduction=108

5.2. Party Politics and the Nuclear-Power Referendum in Sweden=110

5.2.1. The Constitutional and Historical Background=110

5.2.2. The Nuclear-Power Issue in Swedish Politics=112

5.2.3. Agenda Manipulation in the Nuclear-Power Referendum=118

5.3. Denmark and Referendums on European Integration=123

5.3.1. History of Danish Referendums=123

5.3.2. Preceding Referendums on European Integration=128

5.3.3. Referendums in 1992 and 1993=131

5.4. Popular Initiative in Switzerland=135

5.4.1. The Historical Background of Swiss Direct Democracy=135

5.4.2. Current Direct-Democratic Institutions=137

5.4.3. The Role of Direct Democracy in Swiss Politics=141

5.4.4. Law-Controlling Referendums=144

5.4.5. Constitutional Initiative=146

6. Conclusions=157

6.1. Referendums and Theories of Democracy=157

6.2. Referendums and the Will of the Majority=161

6.3. Institutional Analysis and Normative Theories=163

Appendix 1. Institutions of Nation-wide Referendum in 22 Democracies=170

Appendix 2. Nation-wide Referendums in 21 Western Democracies 1944-96=181

Bibliography=189

Index=197

List of Tables

2.1. The Ostrogorski Paradox=15

2.2. Representation and Intensities of Preferences=17

2.3. Contradiction between Plurality Rule and Simple Majority Rule=21

2.4. Preferences of 11 voters over 4 Alternatives=21

2.5. Cyclical Majority Preference Relation=22

3.1. Families of Theories of Democracy=33

4.1. Categories of Referendums=71

4.2. Classification of Institutions=76

4.3. Number of Referendums in 22 Democracies, 1945-97=77

4.4. Properties of Referendums=106

5.1. Distribution of Opinions (%) on Nuclear Power in Main Parties=114

5.2. Danish Referendums since 1945=127

5.3. Number of Referendums in Switzerland 1848-1997=142

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Referendums and democratic government : normative theory and the analysis of institutions 이용현황 표 - 등록번호, 청구기호, 권별정보, 자료실, 이용여부로 구성 되어있습니다.
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Referendums and Democratic Government deals with the role of different forms of referendums in modern representative democracies. It analyzes the referendum from the point of view of social choice theory and various theories of democracy. The institutions of referendums are analyzed in 22 democracies, and referendums in Sweden, Denmark and Switzerland are analyzed as case studies. Different forms of referendums are classified according to how they are initiated and how their agenda is set. It is argued that various types of referendums have been justified by arguments based on different normative theories of democracy as referendum is not a unitary phenomenon.

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