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Preface=xvii

Chapter 1. Communication and Aging: Pragmatic and Theoretical Considerations=1

Communication Within an Aging Society=2

Life-Span Developmental Communication=5

Theories of Successful Aging=7

Disengagement Theory=7

Activity Theory=9

Continuity Theory=10

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory=10

Selective Optimization with Compensation Model=12

Social-Environmental Theory=14

Summary=16

References=16

Chapter 2. Attitudes and Ageism=20

Attitudes Toward the Aging Process=21

Ageism=26

Relational Implications of Attitudes and Ageism=27

Summary=35

References=35

Chapter 3. Relational Considerations=39

Reminiscence=39

Historical Overview=40

Pervasiveness of Reminiscence=41

Topics of Reminiscence=41

Reasons for Reminiscing=41

Negative Consequences of Reminiscing=43

Communication of Intimacy=44

Sexuality in Intimate Relationships=44

Sexual Behavior of Elderly People=45

Consequences of Sexual Activity=48

Homosexuality=49

Communicative Competence=50

Interactional Control=52

Confirmation Versus Disconfirmation=54

Helping and Loneliness=57

Summary=58

References=59

Chapter 4. Mass Media Use and Aging=64

Television Viewing=65

TV Content Preferences=67

Radio Listening=70

Reading=72

Newspaper Reading=73

Magazine Reading=75

Film and VCR Viewing=77

Computer Use=78

Summary=80

References=81

Chapter 5. Mass Communication Theory and Media Portrayals of Elderly People=85

Mass Communication Theory: An Overview=86

Historical Effects Theories=86

Current Effects Theories=88

Social Learning Theory=88

Cultivation Hypothesis=91

Agenda Setting=92

Uses and Gratification Perspective=94

Dependency Model=96

Media Portrayals=97

Television Portrayals=98

Newspaper Portrayals=100

Magazine Portrayals=102

Summary=104

References=106

Chapter 6. Work, Leisure, and Retirement=113

Work=115

What is Leisure?=117

Functions of Leisure Activity=118

Leisure Activities of Elderly People=120

Variables Affecting Leisure=121

Adjusting to Retirement=123

Preretirement Activities=125

Satisfaction with Retirement=126

Effects of Retirement=127

Marital Relationships and Retirement=130

Gender Differences=131

Women's Retirement=133

Summary=135

References=136

Chapter 7. Aging and the Family: Marital Relationships=143

Functions of the Family=144

Marriage and the Quality of Life=146

Characteristics of Older Marriages=149

Convergence=149

Other Characteristics of Older Marriages=154

Types of Older Couples=157

Characteristics of Successful and Unsuccessful Marriages=158

Summary=161

References=162

Chapter 8. Aging and the Family: Relational Lifestyle Changes=166

Divorce=166

Dating and Courtship=168

Remarriage=171

Singlehood=174

Widowhood=175

Grieving=175

Effects of Widowhood=176

Other Problems=181

Widowers Compared to Widows=182

Coping with Widowhood=183

Summary=185

References=186

Chapter 9. Aging and the Family: Parents, Grandparents, and Siblings=189

The Elderly Parent-Adult Child Relationship=190

Intergenerational Solidarity=191

Life-Span Attachment Theory=192

Functions of the Elderly Parent-Adult Child Relationship=193

Affect Function=193

Mutual Aid=195

Parental Divorce and the Parent-Child Relationship=196

Conclusion=197

The Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship=197

Styles of Grandparenthood=198

Functions of Grandparenting=200

Grandparenting and Socialization=201

Grandparenting After Divorce=202

Conclusion=203

The Sibling Relationship=204

Affect Between Siblings=204

Functions of the Sibling Relationship=205

Conclusion=206

Other Family Relationships=207

Summary=207

References=208

Chapter 10. Friendship and Aging=214

The Friend Relationship=214

Later-Life Friendships=217

Unique Factors in Later-Life Friendships=218

Friendship Styles in Later Life=220

Functions of Friendship for Older People=221

Psychosocial Well-Being=221

Informal Social Support=223

Successful Adaptation to Aging=224

Gender Differences in Elderly People's Friendships=224

Homosexuality and Elderly People's Friendships=226

Friendship in the Nursing Home=226

Summary=227

References=228

Chapter 11. Barriers to Conversation Facing Elderly People=232

Age-Related Barriers to Conversation=234

Aging and Sight=234

Aging and Hearing=236

Aging and Message Transmission=238

Aging and Touch=240

Aging and Reaction Time=240

Aging and Cognitive Abilities=242

Aging and Memory=245

Aging and Communicator Style=247

Aging and Language=248

Summary=252

References=253

Chapter 12. Health, Communication, and Aging=260

Health and Aging=261

Social Support and Aging=263

Formal Support Agencies=266

Patient-Physician Interaction=268

The Managed Care Environment and Older Patients=272

Other Health Care Concerns=275

Relocation and Elderly People=276

Summary=282

References=283

Chapter 13. Death and Dying=292

Social Distance and Social Death=293

Fear of Death or Death Anxiety=295

Awareness of Impending Death=296

Communication of Dying People=299

Coping with Dying=301

A "Good" Death=304

Communication with Dying People=305

Families of Dying People=305

Bereavement=308

Comforting Bereaved People=309

Patient-Physician Interaction=310

Patient-Nurse Interaction=312

Communication Between Patients and Other Health Care Providers=313

Interactions with Other Professionals=315

Death Announcements=316

Institutional Settings of Death=319

Death in the Institution=320

Summary=322

References=323

Chapter 14. Successful Aging=328

What Is Successful Aging?=329

Theories of Successful Aging=334

Predictors of Successful Aging=335

Health and Physical Disability=336

Socioeconomic Status=336

Age=336

Work, Retirement, and Leisure=337

Marital Status=337

Living Situation=338

Social Interaction and Successful Aging=338

Relational Considerations and Successful Aging=340

Summary=342

References=342

Author Index=347

Subiect Index=363

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알라딘제공
This text employs a communication perspective to examine the aging process and the ability of individuals to adapt successfully to aging. It continues the groundbreaking work of the first edition, emphasizing a life-span approach toward understanding the social interaction that occurs during later life. The edition provides a comprehensive update on the existing and emerging research within communication and aging studies and considers such topics as notions of successful aging, positive and negative stereotypes toward older adults, and health communication issues. It raises awareness of the barriers facing elderly people in conversation and the importance such conversations have in elderly people's lives. The impact of nonrelational processes, such as hearing loss, are considered as they impact relationships with others and affect the ability to age successfully.

The book is organized into 14 chapters. Each chapter is written so that the reader is presented with an exhaustive review of the pertinent and recent literature from the social sciences. As in the first edition, when the literature is empirically based, the communicative ramifications are then discussed.

Readers of this volume will gain greater understanding of the importance of their communicative relationships and how significant they remain across the life span. Developed for students in communication, psychology, nursing, social gerontology, sociology, and related areas, Communication and Aging provides important insights on communication to all who are affected by the aging process.


A comprehensive examination of communication and its role in the aging process, considering individuals, relationships, and health issues. For students and scholars in communication, aging studies, health areas.