영문목차

AUTHOR'S PREFACE

EDITOR'S PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE. MODERN KOREA

I. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT=1

II. SIN' GYO AND THE IDEAL OF PEACE AND HARMONY=7

III. DISINTEGRATION AND RECENTRALIZATION=12

IV. THE ROLE AND NATURE OF BUDDHISM AS STATE RELIGION=17

V. THE YI DYNASTY AND CONFUCIANISM=19

VI. THE ARECHETYPAL MAN OF THE YI DYNASTY=33

VII. KOREAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS: PARALLELS AND CONTRASTS=40

1. Growth along the Common Path=40

2. Native Religious Practice and Developments=46

3. Disintegration: Parting of Company=49

4. Japanese Piratical Wars and Dissuasion by Rewards=58

5. Hideyoshi Invasions and Tokugawa Japan=64

6. The Traditional Concept and Practice of International Relations=72

CHAPTER TWO. THE RISE OF THE COMMON PEOPLE

I. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS=77

II. INTELLECTUAL AND RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT: TOWARD TONGHAK=81

1. Practical Learning: Sirhak=83

2. The Establishment of Catholicism: An "Inedible Apricot"=86

III. TONGHAK: THE VEHICLE OF MODERNIZATION=95

1. Four-Color Party Politics and the Clan Government=96

2. The "Three Administrations" in Disarray and the People in Ferment=101

3. Rebellion and Love in Literature, and Literary Men and Women=111

4. Ch'oe Che U and the Birth of Tonghak=127

5. The Establishment of the Tonghak Church=137

IV. THE TAEWON'GUN AND POLITICAL REFORM=139

V. THE WESTERN ADVANCE EASTWARD: A DESTRUCTIVE FEAST AND FELLOWSHIP=143

1. Western Inroads into Northeast Asia=145

2. The Taewon'gun vs the West=154

3. Queen Min vs the Taewon'gun=161

4. Northeast Asian Developments and the Opening of Yi Korea=164

VI. A SECONDHAND MODERNIZATION FROM THE NORTHEAST ASIAN "VORTEX"=173

1. Passive Reform and Treaties with Western Powers=174

2. Political Disturbances and Sino-Japanese Rivalry=184

3. The Political Emeute of 1884=192

4. The Politics of the "Vortex" Continues=198

5. Development in Commerce: Sino-Japanese Rivalry Continues=202

VII. THE EDUCATION OF CONFUCIAN SCHOLARS=210

VIII. THE TONGHAK MOVEMENT: A REVOLUTION THAT FAILED=216

1. Social Conditions and the Tonghak Leadership=216

2. From the Preluders to the Populist War=221

3. Tonghak Rule: The Chipkang-so Administration=233

4. The Tonghak War against Japanese Aggression=241

CHAPTER THREE. THE GROWTH OF NATIONALISM

I. THE POLITICS IMPERIALISM AND KOREA=251

1. The Sino-Japanese War over Korea=251

2. A Paper Reform of 1894=264

3. Japanese Imperialism in Korea: Its Limits and Approaches=268

II. THE JAPANESE MURDER QUEEN MIN=281

III. AN EXPLOSION OF NATIONAL RAGE: THE RIGHTEOUS ARMY RISES=290

1. In the Name of Righteousness Only=294

2. The Righteous Army Movement Continues=309

IV. THE WEST'S ECONOMIC INTERESTS CONVERGE ON KOREA=312

1. The Russo-Japanese Dealing on Korea, etc.=312

2. The Western Scramble for Economic Concessions=315

V. WESTERN STUDIES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS=317

1. The Pattern of the Kaehwa Process=318

2. Modern Newspapers and Schools=323

3. The Independence Association Movement=326

4. The People's Mass Meeting: An Improvised Attempt at Democracy=332

VI. THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR: "TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD"=337

1. Japan's "Peculiar" and "Queer" Interest in Korea and Beyond=338

2. An Imperialist-Capitalist War for the Annexation of Korea=343

3. Roosevelt, the Portsmouth Treaty, and Korea=346

VII. THE PASSING OF KOREA INTO OBLIVION=352

1. Ito Hirobumi at His Finest Hour=357

2. The Coup de Grace: The Nemesis of the Japanese Organized Criminality=373

VIII. IN THE NAME OF RIGHTEOUSNESS: THE FIGHT GOES ON=380

1. Confucian Classics, Muzzleloaders, and Japanese 3-8 Rifles=381

2. Disbanded Soldiers Join Local Righteous Armies=391

3. The Thirteen Provinces Combined Righteous Army=395

4. A Violated Buddha Image: The Japanese on a Killing Spree=399

5. The Righteous Army: Who and How=404

6. "The Punitive Expedition to Suthern Provinces:" the Japanese Killing Spree Continues=409

7. Heroes of the Righteous Army=413

CHAPTER FOUR. RELIGION: KOREAN MIND AND WORLDVIEW

I. SHAMANISM: THE HOME OF THE KOREAN SOUL=423

1. The Reference Principles of Shamanism=423

2. Myths and Rites: The Beginning of Korean Shamanic Culture=426

3. Collective Shamanism at Creativity=431

4. The Development of Collective Shamanism=436

5. Individual Shamanism=444

6. Death, Soul, and Evil in Korean Shamanism=453

7. The Village Rite of Passage=457

II. CH'ONDOISM: LIBERATION VIA MONISTIC UNITY=461

1. From Tonghak to Ch'ondoism: Son Pyong Hui on Stage=462

2. The Theology of in Nae Ch'on=467

3. The Sovereignty of Ethics in Ch'ondoism=474

4. To Build the Kingdom of Heaven on Earth: the Ch'ondoist Movement Continues=478

III. BUDDHISM REVISITED: THE CYCLE OF A FAITH=483

1. Early Yi Dynasty Buddhism: Tribulations Endured=484

2. Philosophical Attempts at Readjustment=491

3. Patriarchal Leadership: A New Development=494

4. Wars, Monks, and the Confucian Government=497

5. Yi Dynasty Buddhism in the Last Century and Its Reform Movement=500

IV. CHRISTIANITY: A BITTER DRAFT OF FOREIGN SPIRIT=512

1. The Catholic Movement Continues: To Hew a Spiritual Enclosure=513

2. The Foundation of Korean Protestanism=518

3. The Coming of Protestant Missionaries and Denominations=525

4. Itineration and the Establishment of Missionary Policies=530

5. The Rise of the Protestant Church and Trouble with the Missionaries 1897-1906=538

6. The Great Revival: Korean Protestantism Comes of Age=549

7. Missionaries as Accomplices in the Japanese Enslavement of the Korean People=555

V. TAOISM: A PERVASIVE INFLUENCE IN KOREAN CULTURE=563

1. Taoism: From Ideology to Institutionalized Religion=564

2. Some Cultural Ramifications of Taoist Ideas and Doctrines=575

3. Korea as a Taoist Nation: The Hermitic Image Vindicated=590

VI. CONFUCIANISM: THE BULWARK OF THE SOCIETY=609

1. Confucian Ethics and Morality=611

2. The Village Code: The Utopian Testment=621

3. The Sonbi: The Ideal Man of the Confucian Society=628

4. Kim Koeng P'il as a Sonbi=633

5. Neo-Confucian Philosophy: Yi Hwang and Yi I=637

6. Philosophical Debates Continue=655

7. All the Way's Men: The Sonbi Under Duress=664

CHAPTER FIVE. EDUCATION: THE WILDFIRE TO MODERN SOCIETY

I. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AND PHILOSOPHY=671

1. Yi Government Schools and Motivative Rewards=671

2. The Kwago as and Educational Institution=687

3. Private Edecation: Chongsa and Sowon=696

4. Sodang: The Star of Grass-Roots Education=706

5. New Learning: The Wildfire Burns on=714

II. IDEALISM AND OPPORTUNITY IN AN EDUCATION-MINDED CONFUCIAN SOCIETY=726

1. The Government and Its Limit in Education=728

2. Sowon: To Produce the Ideal Man=735

3. The Development of Sonbiism: From Criticism to Patriotism=745

4. Tonghak as an Educational Movement=757

III. THE JAPANESE AGGRESSION GOVERNMENT: A HALL OF CHICANERY AND CRIME=763

1. The Japanese Occupation of Korea=763

2. The Establishment of a Police State=770

3. Economic Plunder: Japanese Avarice at Work=778

4. Life against Japanese Aggression=784

IV. THE MARCH FIRST INDEPEDENCE MOVEMENT: A REAFFIRMATION IN THE SHAMANIC SPIRIT=790

1. The March First Independence Movement=790

2. The People in Nationalism's Ferment=794

3. Manse for Independence: An Exorcismal Exercise=801

4. "The Lamp" Illumines the Whole Country and Beyond=814

NOTES=821

BIBLIOGRAPHY=835

INDEX=865