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Preface=xiii

PART ONE. INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW MASS MEDIA=1

Chapter 1. The New Mass Media=2

Introduction=4

The History of Technology in Communications=4

The Printed Word=5

The Industrial Revolution=5

The Telegraph=6

Film and Sound=7

Radio=8

The Telephone=9

Television=9

Satellites=10

Computing=10

Personal Journal=12

The Social Effects of Technology=13

The Medium as the Message=14

Some Media Revolutions Do Die=14

The Ecology of Technology=15

Cultural Influences=16

People in the Media:Marshall McLuhan=16

Communication=17

The Process of Mass Communication=18

Concentration of Ownership=20

Demassification of the Media=22

Media Ownership=23

What It Means for You=24

Time Line=25

Summary=26

Review Questions=26

Discussion Questions=26

Internet Exercise=26

Internet Sites=26

Endnotes=27

Chapter 2. The Internet=28

Introduction=30

The History of the Internet=31

The Internet=31

Usenet=32

The World Wide Web=32

How the Internet Works=33

Internet Users=34

The Reasons People Use the Internet=34

Haves Versus Have-Nots=35

People in the Media:Marc Andreessen=36

Computers in the Developing World=37

Concentration of Ownership=38

The Social Effects of the Internet=39

Hate on the Internet=40

Pornography on the Internet=41

Personal Journal=41

Hackers=42

Privacy=42

The Internet as a Niche Medium=43

What It Means for You=43

Time Line=44

Internet Exercise=45

Internet Sites=45

Summary=45

Review Questions=45

Discussion Questions=45

Endnotes=46

PART TWO. THE PRINT MEDIA:Books, Newspapers, and Magazines=47

Chapter 3. Books=48

Introduction=50

The Technology of Publishing=50

Printing=51

Printing Today=52

The Electronic Book=52

The History of Publishing in the United States=53

The Emergence of U.S. Authors=54

Paperback Books=55

The Bestseller=56

The Publishing Business=57

The Types of Books=58

Is the Book Dead?=58

 Personal Journal=59

Publishing Niches=60

Small Publishers=60

Digital Publications=61

Who Buys Books?=61

Concentration of Ownership=61

Book Ownership=62

Chain Bookstores=62

Online Bookstores=62

The Social Effects of Books=63

People in the Media:Jeff Bezos=63

What It Means for You=64

Time Line=65

Summary=66

Review Questions=66

Discussion Questions=66

Internet Exercise=66

Internet Sites=66

Endnotes=67

Chapter 4. Newspapers=68

Introduction=70

Technology and Newspapers=70

Photography=70

Offset Printing=71

Personal Journal=71

Computers=72

The History of Newspapers=72

The Partisan Press=73

The Penny Press=73

Yellow Journalism=74

The Rural Press=76

The Ethnic Press=76

The Alternative Press=77

Newspapers Today=78

The St. Louis Post-Dispatch:1964 vs. 1999=79

How Newspapers Work=80

Newspaper Readership=81

Concentration of Ownership=82

Online Newspapers=83

Newspaper Ownership=83

People in the Media:H. Brandt Ayers=84

The Economics of Online Newspapers=85

The Social Effects of News papers=85

What It Means for You=87

Time Line=87

Summary=88

Review Questions=88

Discussion Questions=88

Internet Exercise=88

Internet Sites=88

Endnotes=89

Chapter 5. Magazines=90

Introduction=92

Magazines and Technology=92

Halftone Technology=92

Printing=92

Computers=93

The History of Magazines=93

The Mail System=93

Magazines and Journalism=94

Literary Content=94

Pulp Magazines=95

Newsmagazines=95

Magazines Versus Television=96

The Business of Magazines=97

How Magazines Work=97

Magazine Readership=98

Consumer Magazines=98

City Magazines=100

Niche Publishing=101

Personal Journal=101

Trade Magazines=102

Institutional Magazines=102

Online Magazines=103

Concentration of Ownership=103

People in the Media:Tom Cottingham=104

The Social Effects of Magazines=105

Magazine Ownership=105

What It Means for You=106

Time Line=106

Summary=107

Review Questions=107

Discussion Questions=107

Internet Exercise=107

Internet Sites=107

Endnotes=108

PART THREE. THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA:Sound Recording, Radio, Television, and Film=109

Chapter 6. Sound Recording and Music=110

Introduction=112

Sound Recording and Technology=112

The Phonograph=112

Recording and Other Media=113

Music and Radio=113

Tape Recorders=114

Records=114

Transistor Radios and Tapes=114

Compact Discs=115

Computers and Music=115

The History of Music=116

Popular Music=116

England Takes America=117

Soul Music=118

Music in the 1960s=118

Music in the 1970s and 1980s=119

Music in the 1990s=120

Personal Journal=120

How the Music Industry Works=121

Oldies but Goodies?=121

Concentration of Ownership=122

People in the Media:Christina Aguilera=123

Music Industry Niches=124

Recording Industry Ownership=124

Country Music=125

Broadway Music=126

Classical Music=126

The Social Effects of Music=127

Music and Social Causes=127

Music and Cultural Research=127

What It Means for You=128

Time Line=129

Summary=130

Review Questions=130

Discussion Questions=130

Internet Exercise=130

Internet Sites=130

Endnotes=131

Chapter 7. Radio=132

Introduction=134

Radio and Technology=134

Radio and Sound=136

Amateur Radio=136

Radio as a Mass Medium=138

The History of Radio=138

The Creation of Networks=139

The Development of Programming=140

Comedy=140

Mystery and Suspense=141

Science Fiction=142

Daytime Serials=142

Game and Quiz Shows=143

Radio News=143

Sports Programming=145

Personal Journal=145

Radio and Television=146

Radio Programming Today=147

Formats=148

Ratings=148

Concentration of Ownership=149

The Social Effects of Radio=150

What It Means for You=151

People in the Media:Noah Samara=151

Time Line=152

Summary=153

Review Questions=153

Discussion Questions=153

Endnotes=153

Internet Exercise=153

Internet Sites=153

Chapter 8. Film=154

Introduction=156

Technology and Film=156

Moving Pictures=157

Sound in the Movies=158

Personal Journal=158

Color and Computers=159

The History of Movies=159

Hollywood=160

Hollywood's Golden Age=161

Hollywood and World War II=162

Politics and the Movies=162

Movies and Television=163

Foreign Films Come to United States=163

The Movies and Social Issues=164

The Motion Picture Business=166

The American Film Institute's Top Ten Movies=167

People in the Media:George Lucas=167

Movies and Finances=168

Movie Business Niches=168

Concentration of Ownership in the Movie Industry=169

The Social Effects of Movies=170

Motion Picture Ownership=170

The Movie Industry and Self-Regulation=171

What It Means for You=172

Time Line=173

Summary=174

Review Questions=174

Discussion Questions=174

Internet Exercise=174

Internet Sites=174

Endnotes=175

Chapter 9. Television=176

Introduction=178

Television and Technology=178

Color Television and Cable=179

Videotape=180

Videocassette Recording=180

Digital Television=181

Television and the Internet=182

The History of Television=182

Programming=183

Public Television=185

Television News=185

Newsmagazines=187

How Television Works=188

People in the Media:Ananova=188

Programming=189

Production and Syndication=189

Personal Journal=189

Dayparts=190

Cartoons=190

Daytime Television=190

Early Fringe Programming=191

Prime Time=191

Late Night Television=192

Sports=193

Cable Television=193

Advertising=194

Concentration of Ownership=195

Television Ownership=196

Television Niches=197

Television and the World=198

The Social Effects of Television=198

Imitation=199

Cultivation Theory=199

Uses and Gratifications Theory=201

What It Means for You=201

Time Line=202

Summary=203

Review Questions=203

Discussion Questions=203

Internet Exercise=203

Internet Sites=203

Endnotes=204

PART FOUR. THE MEDIA PROFESSIONS:Journalism, Advertising, and Public Relations=205

Chapter 10. Journalism=206

Introduction=208

The History and Traditions of Journalism=208

Freedom of the Press=209

The Muckrakers=210

Journalism and War=212

Journalism and Politics=212

Watergate=213

The Washington Press Corps=213

Journalists and Access to News Events=214

How Journalism Works=215

Personal Journal=215

The News Product=216

Society's View of News=216

Online Journalism=217

People in the Media:Pat Stith=218

Media Ownership=219

Concentration of Ownership=220

Journalism and Credibility=220

The Social Effects of Journalism=223

What It Means for You=225

Time Line=226

Summary=226

Review Questions=227

Discussion Questions=227

Internet Exercise=227

Internet Sites=227

Endnotes=227

Chapter 11. Advertising=228

Introduction=230

Advertising and Technology=230

The History of Advertising=230

Packaging and Brands=231

Consumerism After World War I=231

Billboards=232

Radio Advertising=232

Television Advertising=233

The Art and Theory of Persuasion=234

How Advertising Works=236

Advertising on the Internet=236

Advertising Agencies=237

The Types of Advertising=238

Advertising and Measuring Performance=239

People in the Media:Marla Messing=240

Advertising Today=241

Personal Journal=241

Concentration of Ownership=242

Advertising and Government Regulation=243

The Social Effects of Advertising=243

Stereotypes in Advertising=245

Advertising and Children=246

Advertising and Politics=246

Time Line=247

What It Means for You=247

Summary=248

Review Questions=248

Discussion Questions=248

Internet Exercise=248

Internet Sites=248

Endnotes=248

Chapter 12. Public Relations=250

Introduction=252

The History of Public Relations=252

Public Relations and World War I=253

Bernays:The Father of Modern Public Relations=254

Public Relations and Franklin D. Roosevelt=255

Public Relations After World War II=256

Public Relations Today=256

How Public Relations Works=257

Public Relations and Image=258

Public Relations and Crisis=258

Personal Journal=259

Public Relations and Media Attacks=260

Public Relations and the Internet=261

Concentration of Ownership=262

People in the Media:B. L. Ochman=262

The Social Effects of Public Relations=263

What It Means for You=264

Time Line=265

Summary=265

Review Questions=266

Discussion Questions=266

Internet Exercise=266

Internet Sites=266

Endnotes=266

PART FIVE. THE MEDIA AND THEIR ROLE IN SOCIETY:Regulation, Ethics, and Social Effects=267

Chapter 13. Government and the Media=268

Introduction=270

The History of Government Relations with the Media=271

The Government and the Print Media=271

The Pentagon Papers=272

Military Censorship and the Gulf War=273

The Government and Copyright=273

The Government and Broadcasting=274

People in the Media:Iain Grant, Piracy policeman=275

The Government and Journalism=276

The Government and Advertising=278

Personal Journal=278

The Government and Public Relations=279

The Government and Sexual Content=279

Broadcasting and Sexual Content=279

The Internet and Sexual Content=280

The Government and Privacy=280

False Light=281

The Internet and Privacy=281

The Freedom of Information Act=282

The Government and Hate Speech=282

Concentration of Ownership=283

Governments and Global Media=284

What It Means for You=284

Time Line=285

Summary=286

Review Questions=286

Discussion Questions=286

Internet Exercise=286

Internet Sites=286

Endnotes=287

Chapter 14. Ethics=288

Introduction=290

The History of Ethical Principles=290

Ethical Issues for Media Professionals=292

Fabrication=293

Plagiarism=293

Conflict of Interest=294

Illegal Acts=295

Privacy=295

Ethics in Sound and Visual Media=296

Film=296

Radio and Television=297

Personal Journal=299

Advertising and Public Relations=300

People in the Media:Dr. C. Everett Koop=302

Ethics and the Internet=303

What It Means for You=303

Time Line=304

Summary=304

Review Questions=304

Discussion Questions=305

Internet Exercise=305

Internet Sites=305

Endnotes=305

Chapter 15. The Social Effects of the Media=306

Introduction=308

The History of Research on the Social Effects of the Media=308

Early Theories of Media Effects=308

Limited Effects of the Media=308

Moderate Effects of the Media=309

Powerful Effects of the Media=310

The Spiral of Silence=310

How Social Effects Research Works=311

The Types of Social Effects=312

Cognitive Effects of the Media=312

Attitudinal Effects of the Media=313

Emotional and Physiological Effects of the Media=314

Behavioral Effects of the Media=314

The Third-Person Effect=316

Media Effects on Society's Institutions=316

Media Effects on Business=316

Media Effects on World Culture=317

Media Effects on the Family=317

Media Effects on Politics=318

Uses and Gratifications Theory=318

People in the Media:Howard Rheingold=319

Personal Journal=320

What It Means for You=321

Time Line=321

Summary=322

Review Questions=322

Discussion Questions=322

Internet Exercise=322

Internet Sites=322

Endnotes=323

Glossary=325

Bibliography=331

Index=333

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알라딘제공

Written in a compelling, journalistic style, this text for the introductory mass media/communication course focuses on the role of technology in the evolution of various media and in the professions of advertising, journalism, and public relations. Central components of the text include the impact of the Internet on the media and the professions, the history of each medium and the professions, and the "demassification" of media. The author also addresses corporate ownership of various media and its effect on individuals and society, as well as the role of the media and the professions in society.

  • Timeline boxes help provide a historical framework for understanding the evolution of the various media and their role in society.
  • Personal Journals chronicle the author's own experiences as a print and broadcast journalist.
  • Think About It help students to develop media literacy.