영문목차

Preface=xv

A.

Abernathy, Ralph David=1

Abolition Movement=1

Abortion and Abortion Rights=3

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. PeSmall n, tildea=4

Addams, Jane=5

"Address to a Meeting in NewYork"(Malcolm X)=6

Adoption Promotion and Stability Act=6

Affirmative Action=6

African American Civil Rights Movement=7

African Americans=8

Age Discrimination=13

Age Discrimination Act of 1975=13

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967=13

AIDS=13

Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights=14

Albany Movement=14

Alexander v. Holmes County=16

Algebra Project=16

Alianza Hispano-Americana=16

Alien Land Law of 1913=17

Alien Land Law of 1920=17

Alien and Sedition Acts=17

Ali, Muhammad=18

American-Arab Discrimination Committee=19

American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb=20

American Civil Liberties Union=20

American Coordinating Council of Political Education=21

American Council of the Blind=21

American Council of Spanish-Speaking People=22

American Federation of Labor=22

American Foundation for the Blind=23

American GI Forum of the United States=23

American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978=24

"American Promise, The"(Lyndon B. Johnson's "Special Message to the Congress, 1965")=24

American Protective League=24

Americans for Democratic Action=24

Americans with Disabilities Act=25

Americans United for the Separation of Church and State=25

Amistad Mutiny=25

Amnesty International=26

Amsterdam News=27

Anderson, Marian=27

Angelou, Maya=28

Anthony, Susan B.=28

Anti-Defamation League=30

Anti-Saloon League=30

Arrests, Laws Governing=30

Articles of Confederation=31

Aryan Nations=31

Asian-American Legal Defense and Education Fund=32

Asian Law Caucus=33

Asiatic Exclusion League=33

Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps=33

Association on American Indian Affairs=34

"Atlanta Compromise" Speech(Booker T. Washington)=34

Attainder=34

Attica Prison Riot=35

Attucks, Crispus=35

B.

Baker v. Carr=36

Baker, Ella Jo=36

Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies=37

Barnett, Ross=37

Barron v. Baltimore=37

Barton, Clara=37

Beckwith, Byron de la=38

Bethune, Mary McLeod=38

Bill of Rights=38

Birmingham Church Bombing=39

Birmingham SCLC Protests=39

Birth Control=40

Birth of a Nation, The=41

Black Codes=41

Black, Hugo L.=42

Black Legend=42

Black Legionnaires=42

Blackmun, Harry A.=43

Black Muslims=43

Black Panther Party for Self-Defense=43

Black Power Movement=44

Bloody Sunday=44

B'nai B'rith=45

Bolling v. Sharpe=45

Bond, Julian=46

Bonus Army=47

Bork, Robert H.=47

Brandeis, Louis Dembitz=48

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters=48

Brown Ⅱ=49

Brown Berets=49

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas=49

Brown, John=50

Bunche, Ralph=51

Burger, Warren=52

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth=52

Busing, School=52

C.

Calhoun, John C.=54

Capital Punishment=55

Carmichael, Stokely=55

Carter, Jimmy=56

Catholic Bishops' Committee for the Spanish-Speaking=57

Catholic Worker Movement=57

Census, U.S.=57

Center for Civil and Human Rights=58

Center for Law and Social Policy=58

Center for Women's Policy Studies=59

Chaney, James Earl=59

Chavez, Cesar=60

Chicago Daily Defender=60

Chicano Studies=61

Child Abuse=61

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act=62

Child Welfare League of America=62

Children's Defense Fund=62

Children's Rights=62

Chinese for Affirmative Action=63

Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act=63

Chinese Exclusion Treaty and Act=63

Chisholm, Shirley=64

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints=64

Church Women United=64

Citadel Case=64

Citizen's Commission on Civil Rights=65

City of Richmond v. J. R. Croson Co.=65

Civil Disobedience=65

Civil Rights Act of 1866=66

Civil Rights Act of 1875=66

Civil Rights Act of 1957=66

Civil Rights Act of 1964=66

Civil Rights Act of 1990, Veto of=66

Civil Rights Act of 1991=67

"Civil Rights, Address on"(John F. Kennedy)=67

Civil Rights Commission=67

Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice=67

Civil Unions=68

Clayton Act=68

Cleaver, Eldridge=68

Clinton, Bill=69

Coca-Cola Company, Class Action Suit Against=70

COINTELPRO=70

Collective Bargaining=71

Color Line=71

Columbus Board of Education v. Penick=71

Commission on the Status of Women=71

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women=72

Common Law=72

Community Reinvestment Act=72

Comprehensive Employment and Training Act=72

Compromise of 1850=73

Compromise of 1877=73

Comstock, Anthony=74

Confessions, Law Governing=74

Confiscation Acts=75

Congress of Racial Equality=75

Connor, T. Eugene "Bull"=76

Conscientious Objectors=76

Contempt=76

Contempt of Congress=77

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women=77

Corporal Punishment=77

Council of Federated Organizations=78

Coxey, Jacob=78

Crazy Horse=78

Crisis, The=79

Cruel and Unusual Punishment=79

Cuban Refugees=80

Custer, George Armstrong=81

D.

Daley, Richard J.=82

Darrow, Clarence=82

Dawes Severalty Act=83

Day, Dorothy=84

Debs, Eugene V.=84

Declaration of Independence=85

Defense of Marriage Act=85

Department of Health and Human Services, U.S.=86

Department of Housing and Urban Development, U.S.=86

Department of the Interior, U.S.=86

Department of Justice, U.S.=86

Department of Labor, U.S.=87

Desegregation=88

Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund=88

Dix, Dorothea=88

Domestic Violence=88

"Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy=89

Douglas, William O.=89

Draft Laws=90

Dred Scott Decision=90

Drug Testing=91

Du Bois, W.E.B.=91

Due Process=92

E.

Ebonics=93

Education Law Center=93

Education Rights=94

Eisenhower, Dwight D.=95

Emancipation Proclamation=96

English-only Legislation and Movements=97

Equal Access Act=98

Equal Credit Opportunity Act=99

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, U.S=99

Equality League of Self-Supporting Women=99

Equal Pay Act of 1963=100

Equal Rights Amendment=100

Espionage Act=100

Euthanasia=100

Evers, Medgar=100

Exclusionary Zoning=101

Ex parte Virginia=101

F.

Fair Employment Practices Committee=102

Fair Housing Act=102

Fair Labor Standards Act=102

Fairness Doctrine=103

Family and Medical Leave Act=103

Farmer, James=104

Farm Labor Rights=104

Farrakhan, Louis=104

Faubus, Orval E.=105

Federal Bureau of Investigation=105

Federalist Papers, The=106

Fifteenth Amendment=106

Fifth Amendment=107

First Amendment Foundation=107

Flag Laws=107

Ford, Gerald R.=107

Ford Motor Company, Class Action Suit Against=108

Fortas, Abe=109

Fourteenth Amendment=109

Frankfurter, Felix=109

Freedmen's Bureau=110

Freedom House=110

Freedom of Information Act=110

Freedom Rides=111

Freedom Summer=111

Free Speech=112

Friedan, Betty=112

Fugitive Slave Act(1793)=113

Fugitive Slave Law=113

G.

Gallaudet, Thomas=114

Gandhi, Mohandas=114

Garrison, William Lloyd=116

Garvey, Marcus=116

Gay Rights=117

Gay Rights and the Military=119

Gender Bias and Discrimination=119

Gentleman's Agreement=120

Gerrymandering=120

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins=121

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader=121

Glass Ceiling Commission=122

Gompers, Samuel=122

Goodman, Andrew=122

Grandfather Clause=123

Gray Panthers=123

Great Migration, The=123

Great Society=123

Greensboro Sit-in=124

Gregory, Dick=124

Griggs v. Duke Power Co.=125

GrimkSmall e, acute accent, Sarah and Angelina=125

H.

Habeas Corpus=126

Hamer, Fannie Lou=126

Hampton, Fred=127

Harlem Renaissance=127

Harvard Project on School Desegregation=127

Hate Speech=128

Haymarket Riot=128

Helms, Jesse A.=128

Hill, Joe=129

Hispanic Americans=129

Hispanic Civil Rights Movement=131

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.=132

Home Mortgage Disclosure Act=133

Homeschooling=133

Homestead Act of 1862=133

Hoover, J. Edgar=134

Hostile Work Environment=134

House Un-American Activities Committee=135

Housing Rights=135

Howard, Oliver O.=137

Hughes, Langston=137

Hull House=138

Human Rights Watch=138

Hutchinson, Anne=139

I.

"I Have a Dream" Speech(Martin Luther King Jr.)=141

Immigration Act of 1917=141

Immigration Act of 1924=141

Immigration Act of 1965=141

Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952=142

Immigration Reform and Control Act=142

Immigration Rights, Statutes, and Restrictions=142

Indentured Servitude=142

Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978=142

Indian Citizenship Act=142

Indian Civil Rights Act=143

Indian Country Crimes Act=143

Indian Freedom of Religion Act=143

Indian Major Crimes Act=143

Indian Removal Act of 1830=143

Indian Reorganization Act=144

Indian Resource Law Center=144

Indian Self-Determination Act=144

Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts=144

Indian Wars=145

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act=146

Industrial Workers of the World=147

Insular Cases=147

Integration=147

Interagency Council on the Homeless=148

International Ladies Garment Workers Union=148

Islam, Nation of=148

Issei=149

J.

Jackson, Andrew=150

Jackson, Jesse Louis=151

Jackson, Mahalia=152

Japanese American Evacuation Claims Act=152

Japanese Exclusion League=152

Japanese Internment=152

Jefferson, Thomas=154

Jehovah's Witnesses, Supreme Court Rulings Concerning=155

Jim Crow Laws=156

Job Corps=157

Job Training Partnership Act=157

Johnson, Lyndon B.=158

Jones, Mary Harris("Mother Jones")=159

Journey of Reconciliation=159

K.

Kansas-Nebraska Act=160

Keller, Helen=160

Kennedy, John Fitzgerald=161

Kennedy, Robert F.=162

King, Martin Luther, Jr.=163

King, Rodney, Case=164

Know-Nothing Party=164

Korean Exclusion League=165

Ku Klux Klan=165

L.

Labor Rights=167

La Follette, Robert M.=167

Las Casas, BartolomSmall e, acute accent de=168

Leadership Conference on Civil Rights=169

League of Nations=169

League of United Latin American Citizens=169

Legal Services for Prisoners with Children=170

"Letter from Birmingham Jail"(Martin Luther King Jr.)=170

Lewisburg Prison Project=170

Lewis, John=171

Lincoln, Abraham=171

Literacy Tests for Voting=172

Little Rock School Crisis=173

Local 93 International Association of Firefighters AFL-CIO v. Cleveland=174

Los Angeles Race Riot=174

Louis, Joe=174

Loving v. Virginia=175

Lynching=175

M.

Madison, James=176

Magna Carta=177

Malcolm X(El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz)=177

Mandela, Nelson=178

March Against Fear=179

March on Washington=179

Margold Report=180

Marshall, Thurgood=180

Martin Luther King Day=181

Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Social Change=181

Maryland Colony=181

Massachusetts Body of Liberties=182

Mattachine Society=182

McCarthy, Joseph=182

McKinley Homeless Assistance Act=183

McLanrin v. Oklahoma State Regents=183

Medicaid and Medicare=183

Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute=184

Melting Pot Concept=184

Mentally Ill, Rights of the=184

Meredith, James Howard=185

Meredith March=186

Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund=186

Mexican War=186

Mfume, Kweisi=186

Migrant Labor=186

Migrant Legal Action Program=188

Military, Desegregation of the=188

Million Man March=188

Miranda v. Arizona=189

Miscegenation Laws=189

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party=190

Mississippi, University of=190

Missouri Compromise=191

Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada=192

Montgomery Bus Boycott=192

Montgomery Improvement Association=193

Morgan v. Virginia=193

Mormon Church=194

Moses, Robert Parris=194

Mount Laurel Cases=195

N.

Nashville Student Movement=196

National Abortion Rights Action League=196

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, Report of=197

National Affordable Housing Act=197

National American Woman Suffrage Association=197

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People=198

National Association of Colored Women=198

National Center for Lesbian Rights=199

National Center for Youth Law=199

National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women=199

National Congress of American Indians=199

National Council of La Raza=200

National Council of Senior Citizens=200

National Farm Workers Association=200

National Gay and Lesbian Task Force=200

National Housing Law Project=201

National Immigration Project=201

National Lawyers Guild=201

National Negro Conference=202

National Organization for Women=202

National Urban League=202

National Woman's Party=203

National Women's Law Center=204

Nation of Islam=204

Native American Church=204

Native American Civil Rights Movement=205

Native American Rights Fund=206

Native Americans=206

Nativism=208

Naturalization Act of 1870=208

Natural Rights=208

Newton, Huey P.=209

New York Association for Improving the Conditions of the Poor=209

New York Children's Aid Society=210

Niagara Movement=210

Nisei=210

Nixon, Richard M.=210

Nonviolence Doctrine=212

NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund=213

O.

Occupational Safety and Health Act=214

O'Connor, Sandra Day=214

Office for Civil Rights=215

Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program=215

Open Housing Act=215

Owens, Jesse=215

P.

Paine, Thomas=217

Palmer Raids=218

Parks, Rosa=218

Passive Resistance=219

Pennsylvania Colony=219

Penn, William=219

Philadelphia Plan=220

"Philadelphia Plan, Remarks on the"(Arthur Fletcher)=221

Planned Parenthood Federation of America=221

Plessy v. Ferguson=221

Police Brutality=222

Political Asylum=222

Poll Taxes=222

Poor People's Campaign=223

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.=223

Prisoners' Rights=224

Privacy Rights=225

Probable Cause=226

Proposition 187=226

Proposition 209=227

Public and Indian Housing Program=227

Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund=227

Q.

Quakers=228

Quotas, Immigration=228

Quotas, Racial=228

R.

Race Riots=229

Racial Profiling=229

Racism=230

Radical Republicans=230

Randolph, A. Philip=230

Rap Music=231

Ray, James Earl=231

Reagan, Ronald W.=232

Reasonable Doubt=233

Reconstruction=234

Reeb, James=235

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke=235

Rehnquist, William H.=235

Religion, Freedom of=236

Reparations Assessment Group=237

Reservations, Indian=237

Reverse Discrimination=238

Rhode Island Colony=238

Richardson, Gloria St. Clair Hayes=239

Right to Die=239

Right-to-Life Movement=240

Robinson, Jackie=240

Roe v. Wade=241

Roosevelt, Eleanor=241

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano=242

Rustin, Bayard=244

S.

Sacco and Venzetti Case=245

Salem Witch Trials=246

Sanger, Margaret=246

Savio, Mario=247

Schlafly, Phyllis=247

Schneiderman, Rose=248

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture=248

School Prayer=248

Schwerner, Michael=248

Scottsboro Boys=249

Seale, Bobby=249

"Segregation Today, Segregation Forever" Speech(George C. Wallace)=250

Selective Service System=250

Selma(Alabama) SNCC-SCLC Demonstration=250

Seneca Falls Conference=251

"Separate but Equal" Doctrine=251

Seton, Elizabeth Ann=252

Sexism=252

Sexual Harassment=252

Shaw v. Reno=253

Shelley v. Kraemer=253

Siege at Wounded Knee=253

Simpson, O. J.=254

Sit-ins=254

Sitting Bull=255

Sixth Amendment=255

Slaughterhouse Cases=256

Slavery=256

Social Darwinism=258

Southern Christian Leadership Conference=258

Southern Manifesto, The=258

Southern Negro Youth Congress=259

Sovereign Immunity=259

Speech, Freedom of=259

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady=259

States' Rights=260

Stereotypes, Ethnic and Racial=260

Stonewall Protest=261

Stowe, Harriet Beecher=261

Strauder v. West Virginia=262

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee=262

Students for a Democratic Society=263

Suicide, Assisted=264

Supreme Court=264

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education=264

Sweatt v. Painter=264

T.

Tailhook Scandal=266

Tarbell, Ida=266

Tenement House Law of 1867=267

Test Case=267

Thirteenth Amendment=267

Thomas, Clarence=267

Thoreau, Henry David=268

Three-Fifths Compromise=269

Thurmond, James Strom=269

Till, Emmett=270

To Secure These Rights=270

Trail of Tears=270

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire=271

Truman, Harry S.=271

Truth, Sojourner=273

Tubman, Harriet=273

Tuskegee Airmen=274

Tuskegee Institute=274

U.

Uncle Tom=276

Underground Railroad=276

United Farm Workers=277

United Nations=277

United States v. Cruikshank=278

United States v. Kagama=278

United States-Mexican War=278

Universal Declaration of Human Rights=280

Universal Negro Improvement Association=280

University of California v. Bakke=280

Urban Institute=281

Urban Renewal=281

V.

Veterans' Rights=282

Victims' Rights Legislation=282

Vietnam War Protest Movement=283

Violence Against Women Act of 1998=285

Voter Registration Drives=285

Voting Rights Act of 1965=285

Voucher Plans=286

W.

Wald, Lillian D.=287

Wallace, George C.=287

Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Antonio=288

War on Poverty=289

Warren, Earl=289

Washington, Booker T.=290

Washington, D.C., Voting Rights in=290

Washington, George=291

Watts(Los Angeles) Race Riot=292

Welfare State=292

"We Shall Overcome"=293

Wheeler-Howard Indian Reorganization Act=293

White Supremacy Movements=293

Wilkins, Roy O.=294

Williams, Roger=295

Women's Civil Rights Movement=295

Women's Law Project=298

Women's Liberation Movement=298

Women's Rights=298

Women's Suffrage Movement=299

Woolworth Lunch Counter Sit-in=299

Y.

Young Negroes Cooperative League=300

Young, Whitney Moore, Jr.=300

Youth Law Center=300

Z.

Zellner, Robert=302

Zenger Case=302

Appendix A:Documents=305

Appendix B:Court Cases Mentioned=377

Appendix C:Contact Information for Agencies and Organizations Involved in Minority Rights=379

Bibliography=385

Index=399