영문목차

Acknowledgments=xiii

About the Authors=xv

Introduction:Student-Centered High Schools=xvii

Part One. Introduction to Career Pathways

1. The What and Why of Career Pathways High Schools=3

Scenario:Jacob's Story=3

What Is a Pathways High School?=4

Why Pathways?=13

Purpose of Public Education=13

Graduate Trends=13

The Village Concept=15

Brain Research=16

State and Federal Findings=17

Action Research=19

Two Closing Scenarios=19

In Review=23

2. The Collaborative Career Pathways Model=24

Scenario:Nicole's Plan=24

Model Structure:The Three Pillars=25

The Counseling Pillar=26

The Classroom Pillar=27

The Community Pillar=27

Implementing the Three Pillars=28

Counseling=29

Classroom=29

Community=31

Horizontally Integrating the Pillars=32

Grade 9=33

Grade 10=34

Grade 11=35

Grade 12=37

Putting It All Together:The Complete Implementation Chart=38

Students as the Center of Learning=38

Pathways and Citizenship=40

Pathways Myths=44

Conclusion=45

In Review=46

3. Steps to Implementing the Model=47

Scenario:A Community Member's Story=47

Three Steps to Successful Change:A Process Model=48

Step 1. Focus and Goals=49

Step 2. Teaming and Collaboration=51

Step 3. Collecting Data=57

A Time Line for implementation=57

Year 1=57

Year 2=59

Year 3=59

Year 4=60

Year 5=60

Funding=65

Reallocation=66

Grants and Awards=68

Community Involvement=68

Conclusion=69

In Review=70

Part Two. Building a Foundation

4. District Vision and School Leadership:The Pathways Foundation=73

Scenario:In Order to Form a More Perfect Union...=73

Vision, Mission, Goals, and Values=74

Presenting a Solid Example=75

A Common Experience=80

A Common Process=80

In Review=81

5. Comprehensive Guidance to Prepare and Assist Pathways Students=83

Scenario:A Day in the Life of a Career Pathways Counselor=83

The Importance of Comprehensive Guidance=85

Career Pathways and Traditional High School Guidance Programs=87

Pathways Comprehensive Guidance and National Counseling Standards=91

Scheduling in a Career Pathways High School=91

Educational Development Plans and Portfolios=97

Educational Development Plans=97

Portfolios=99

Student Testing and Data Collection=102

Creating an Avenue for Pathways Flexibility=104

Conclusion=105

In Review=106

6. Curriculum in a Career Pathways High School:A Rationale for Standards, Mapping, and Integration=107

Scenario:Sarah and Ethan's Curriculum Experience=107

The Importance of Curriculum in a Collaborative Career Pathways High School=110

What Is Curriculum?=111

Curriculum Vision and Outcomes=111

Standards and Benchmarks=112

Curriculum Alignment=115

Curriculum Mapping=116

Focusing on key Content Skills and Department Goals=116

The Basics of Brain-Based Learning-Content Versus Context=118

The What and How of Integrating Your Curriculum=120

Integrating Technology=125

The Definition of a Technologically Literate Learner=125

Embedded Technology at All Four Levels=127

Assessment Systems and Predictors of Success=129

Curriculum and Pathways Connections=131

In Review=131

Part Three. School Structure

7. Pathways Classes for Each Level of Collaborative Career Pathways=137

Scenario:Elizabeth's Postsecondary Preparation=137

What Is a Pathways Class and Why Do We Have Them?=138

Pathways Classes:Key Concepts and Placement=139

What Does Each Pathways Class Look Like?=140

Freshman Explorations:The Cornerstone=146

Unit Ⅰ. Exploring Who I Am=146

Unit Ⅱ-Ⅴ. Exploring the Pathways=146

Unit Ⅵ. Making the Great Decision=147

The Five-Year Plan=148

Sophomore Selections:The Great Balancing Act=148

Unit Ⅰ. Who I Am(Intra)=149

Unit Ⅱ. Whom I Project to Others(Inter)=149

Unit Ⅲ. My Plan to Succeed=149

Unit Ⅳ. Myself and the World of Work=150

Unit Ⅴ. Myself and Others(Pathway-Specific Integrated Project)=150

Unit Ⅵ. Making an Informed Decision=151

Junior Judgments:The Stepping Stone=152

Unit Ⅰ. Self-Preparation=152

Unit Ⅱ. Deciding on the Internship=153

Unit Ⅲ. Work World Preparation=153

Unit Ⅳ. Stepping Into the Work World=154

Unit Ⅴ. Judging the Experience=154

Unit Ⅵ. Self-Managing the Plan=155

Senior Transitions:Moving Forward=156

Unit Ⅰ. A Little Help From My Friends=157

Unit Ⅱ. Tools of the Trade=157

Unit Ⅲ. Making the Most of Senior Year=158

Unit Ⅳ. Designing the Senior Project=158

Unit Ⅴ. Implementing the Project=159

Unit Ⅵ. Presenting the Project=159

Unit Ⅶ. Giving Back(Optional)=160

How Are Pathways Classes Delivered?=160

Curriculum Placement of Pathways Classes=161

Pathways Change Process=161

The Long-Term Results of Pathways Class Work=162

In Review=162

8. Scheduling in a Collaborative Career Pathways High School=164

Scenario:Two High School Stories=164

The Need to Address Scheduling=165

Major Types of Scheduling and Career Pathways High Schools=166

An Ideal Collaborative Career Pathways Schedule=169

Schedules, Teaching Styles, and Professional Development=172

Creating a Schedule That Is Right for Your School=173

Conclusion=175

In Review=175

Part Four. Classroom Processes

9. Freshman Explorations:The Cornerstone of Pathways Instruction=179

Scenario:Two Freshman Experiences=179

The Important Connections=180

Freshman Explorations:The Curriculum=181

Connections to Self=181

Connections to School=187

Connecting Students to the World Around Them=189

Integrated Thematic Units=190

Pathway Exploration=194

Researching Pathways=194

Chatting With People=195

Site Visits=197

Decision Making=199

In Review=202

10. Pathways Classes for Grades 10 Through 12:Sophomore Selections, Junior Judgments, and Senior Transitions=203

Scenario:Joy's Scaffold=203

The Great Scaffold=205

Sophomore Selections=205

Curriculum Issues in Sophomore Selections=207

Counseling Issues in Sophomore Selections=209

Community Issues in Sophomore Selections=209

Junior judgments=211

Curriculum Issues in Junior Judgments=211

Counseling Issues in Junior Judgments=213

Community Issues in Junior Judgments=215

Senior Transitions=216

Curriculum Issues in Senior Transitions=216

Counseling Issues in Senior Transitions=220

Community Issues in Senior Transitions=221

The Scaffold Works=222

In Review=223

11. Core and Elective Teachers as Support for the Career Pathways Instructional Process=224

Scenario:Transformation to a Pathways Teacher=224

Gaining the Support of the Entire Faculty=225

Core and Elective Teachers, as Part of the Team=226

Staff Inclusion=226

Communication=228

Continuous Staff Development and In-Servicing=230

Teaming and Collaboration=232

Career Technology and Academy Teachers Versus Collaborative Pathways Teachers=233

Working With the Core Teachers=233

Working With the Elective Teachers=235

How Pathways Teachers Differ From Traditional Classroom Teachers=235

In Review=236

Part Five. Culture, Community, and Technology

12. Public Relations, Parents, and Pathways=239

Scenario:A Role for Everyone=239

Gathering the Stakeholders=241

The Public Relations Strategy=242

Talking to Parents=243

Talking to Students=244

Talking to the School Community=246

School Board and Administration=246

Counselors=247

Teachers=248

Staff=250

Talking to Community Members=251

Working With Technical Centers and Academic Sources=252

Myths About Pathways=254

The Ongoing Public Relations Mission=257

In Review=258

13. The School Community:The True Classroom of Pathways=259

Scenario:Hannah's Story=259

Involving the Community=261

Focus of Guest Visits=261

Speakers in the Classroom=263

Site Visit Locations=267

Designing Field Trips to Accommodate Hosts=268

Designing Job Shadows=269

Service Learning=270

Internships and Senior Projects=271

Support Through the Academic Community=272

Conclusion=274

In Review=275

14. School Culture and Climate in a Pathways High School=276

Scenario:Miguel's First Day=276

What Are School Culture and Climate?=277

Why Are School Culture and Climate Important?=279

A Key Finding:School Connectedness=279

The Pathways Solution to Key Finding 1:School Connectedness=281

Other Key Findings:School Prejudice and Codes of Silence=283

School Prejudice=283

Codes of Silence and Other Indicators of Violence=285

Solutions and Suggestions for Climate Control=289

Establish a Working Committee for Culture and Climate Issues=290

Assess Your Climate=291

Develop a Schoolwide Plan=292

Addressing Some Key Points of Instruction=292

Pathways as an Avenue to Good Culture and Climate=294

Other Complementary Programs=295

The First-Day-of-School Challenge=296

Concluding Scenario:Miguel's First Day Revisited=296

In Review=299

15. Pathways as a Systematic Philosophy=300

Scenario:A Pathways Graduation=300

System Change=302

Creating a Structure With Purpose, Collaboration, and Support=303

Creating Cultural Change Through Process and Experience=304

Key Provisions for Successful Systems Change=305

Conclusion=307

Resources=309

References=327

Index=330