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List of Figures=xi

List of Tables=xii

Abbreviations=xiv

Introduction=1

PART Ⅰ. Inventing Contraception

1. Birth Rates and Women's Bodies:Reproductive Labour=11

2. 'Nature is a Blind Dirty Old Toad':The Withdrawal Method=40

3. 'Conferring a Premium on the Destruction of Female Morals':Fertility Control and Sexuality in the Early to Mid-Nineteenth Century=62

4. 'One Man is as Good as Another in that Respect':Women and Sexual Abstinence=90

5. Mastering the Sexual Self:Contraception and Sexuality 1890s-1950s=122

6. 'Physical "Open Secrets"':Hygiene, Masturbation, Bowel Control, and Abstinence=143

PART Ⅱ. Sexuality and Sex Manuals

7. English Sexuality in the Twentieth Century:Ignorance, Silence, and Gendered Sexual Cultures=165

8. 'The Wonderful Tides':Sexual Emotion and Sexual Ignorance in the 1920s=187

9. 'The Spontaneous Feeling of Shame':Masturbation and Freud 1930-1940=207

10. 'Thought Control':Conjugal Rights and Vaginal Orgasms 1940s-1960s=225

11. 'The Vagina too, Responds':Vaginal Orgasms, Clitoral Masturbation, Feminism, and Sex Research 1920-1975=245

PART Ⅲ. The English Sexual Revolution

12. Sexual Pleasure, Contraception, and Fertility Decline=263

13. 'Truly it Felt Like Year One':The English Sexual Revolution=271

14. Population Control or 'Sex on the Rates'? Political Change 1955-1975=296

15. 'A Car or a Wife?' The Northern European Marriage System and the Sexual Revolution=318

Conclusion:Living through Changing Sexual Mores=338

Appendix A. Analysis of the Sex Manual Authors=341

Appendix B. List of Sex Manual Authors=347

Bibliography=355

Index=393

List of Figures

1.1. Gross reproduction rate 1751-1976=15

4.1. Illegitimate live births per 1,000 total live births=102

12.1. The cumulative percentage of the first use of the pill by the MRC 1946 cohort=269

15.1. Period by which first use of the pill pre-dates the year of marriage, as a percentage of the total pill use before marriage=333

List of Tables

4.1. Illegitimate live births per 1,000 total live births=103

4.2. The percentage of the population reporting they had ever used birth control, by marriage cohort, in various surveys=113

4.3.(a). Birth control use by class, marriage cohort, and(a) those who had at any time used appliance methods,(b) those who had only used non-appliance methods=113

4.3.(b). Birth control use by class, marriage cohort, and(a) those who had at any time used appliance methods,(b) those who had only used non-appliance methods(including the pill)=114

5.1. Inter-war contraceptive effectiveness estimates:failure rates=140

7.1. Age at which people became interested in the opposite sex by date of birth=174

15.1. Female age at first intercourse=320

15.2. Married women and single women who reported coitus before marriage=326

15.3. Women who reported premarital coitus with their husbands before first marriage, by year of marriage=327

15.4. Use of contraception before marriage by married women in different social class and age at interview cohorts who reported premarital sexual relations with their husbands=327

15.5. Women in age at interview cohorts, by social class, who were first married by age 20=329

15.6. Women in age at interview cohorts, by social class, who reported premarital sexual relations=330

15.7. Length of time before first marriage sexual relations with husband started, for women first married in different years=332

15.8. Ever married women who first used the pill before the year of marriage, in the same year as marriage, and following the year of marriage=334

15.9. Use of the pill between first marriage or 'going steady with your husband' and first birth and following birth intervals by women married in different years=335

15.10. Married and single women aged 15-64 in paid employment=336

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알라딘제공
Between 1800 and 1975, sexuality in the West was transformed. Hera Cook shows how the growing effectiveness of contraception gradually eroded the connection between sexuality and reproduction. The increasing control over fertility was crucial to the remaking of heterosexual physical sexual behaviour and had a massive impact on women's lives. Dr Cook charts how, why, and when attitudes towards sex changed from the repression of the nineteenth century to the sexualrevolution of the 1960s.

In this book Hera Cook traces the path of sexuality in England, and shows how its route was determined by the gradual exertion of control over fertility. Most sexual activity had major economic and social costs, the most fundamental of which was the physical cost of children upon women's bodies. Around 1800 birth rates reached historical heights. Using a combination of demographic and qualitative sources, Dr Cook examines the connection between the struggle tolower fertility and the increasing repression of sexuality throughout the nineteenth century. Contraception became a viable option in the early twentieth century. The book charts the resulting slow relaxation of attitudes to sexuality and the remaking of heterosexual physical behaviour, culminating inthe sexual revolution of the 1960s.